'시스템/Operating System' 카테고리의 글 목록 (3 Page)

시스템/Operating System

[Solaris] M계열 장비 xscf 상에서 FRU Device 교체!! 2016.09.03
[Storage] HP P2000 G3 Disk replace - 장애 디스크 교체 작업수순 2016.09.03
[Solaris]xscf version update 2016.09.03
[Unix] UNIX OS별 기본 명령어!! 2016.09.03
[Solaris] T계열 전력 소비량 알기!! 2016.09.03
[Unix, Linux] 부팅순서 및 OS Run Level 2016.09.03
[Solaris] M10-1 처음부터 OVM 설치까지(A-Z까지)!!! 2016.09.03
[Solaris] Solaris package 관리하기!! 2016.09.03
[Solaris] Solaris10 서비스(SMF) 관리하기! 2016.09.03
[Solaris] Solaris 10 patch number별 update version 알기!! 2016.09.03

[Solaris] M계열 장비 xscf 상에서 FRU Device 교체!!

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M계열 장비에 FRU Device 교체하는 방법에 대해 알아 본다!

용어 정리

FRU(Field Replaceable Unit) : 현장 교체 장치로 보통 hot swap이 가능한 장비를 지칭한다.

작업 순서

1. xscf> showhardconf 명령을 통해 하드웨어 장비의 장애를 확인하고, FRU 장치인지 확인
2. FRU 장치인 것을 확인 하였으면, xscf> replacefru 명령을 통해 단계적으로 조치
3. 조치 후 xscf> showhardconf 명령을 통해 장비의 장애 조치 확인
M계열의 FRU 장치는 FAN과 PSU를 뜻하며(Back Plne FAN 제외), 기타 PCI 카드 등은 OS 단에서 HOT Pulg 한다.

아래 LOG는 M4000 장비의 PSU 장치를 교체한 것을 적어두었다.

XSCF> replacefru
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance/Replacement Menu
Please select a type of FRU to be replaced.

1. FAN        (Fan Unit)
2. PSU        (Power Supply Unit)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Select [1,2|c:cancel] :2

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance/Replacement Menu
Please select a PSU to be replaced.

No. FRU             Status
--- --------------- ------------------
1. PSU#0           Faulted
2. PSU#1           Normal
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Select [1,2|b:back] :1

You are about to replace PSU#0.
Do you want to continue?[r:replace|c:cancel] :r

이때 물리적으로 정상인 파트로 교체

Apr 14 12:01:00 xscf0 fmd: SOURCE: sde, REV: 1.17, CSN: BDF1048969 EVENT-ID: 80f3ea0d-5fa9-4b01-934b-81ea44c35c0c Refer to http://www.sun.com/msg/SCF-8002-LX for detailed information.
Please confirm the Ready LED is not lit and that the Check LED is
blinking.
If this is the case, please replace PSU#0.
After replacement has been completed, please select[f:finish] :f

Diagnostic tests for PSU#0 have started.
[This operation may take up to 3 minute(s)]
(progress scale reported in seconds)
   0..... 30..done

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance/Replacement Menu
Status of the replaced FRU.

FRU           Status
------------- --------
PSU#0         Normal
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The replacement of PSU#0 has completed normally.[f:finish] :f

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Maintenance/Replacement Menu
Please select a type of FRU to be replaced.

1. FAN        (Fan Unit)
2. PSU        (Power Supply Unit)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Select [1,2|c:cancel] :c

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[Storage] HP P2000 G3 Disk replace - 장애 디스크 교체 작업수순

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HP P2000 Storage 장비의 디스크 교체에 대해서 알아 본다.

본 문서는 예전에 작성해 놓은 문서로 아마 UI가 조금 틀릴텐데 하는 방법은 지금까지도 같다.

작업 순서

1.SMU 접속
2. vdisk와 불량 disk 확인
3. 불량 디스크 제거
4. 1분 정도 후 SMU에서 제거된 Disk Bay를 확인하고, 그 자리에서 새 디스크를 삽입
5. SMU의 add visk spares 메뉴에서 새로 장착한 디스크를 선책 후 add vdisk spare 클릭
6. vdisk utility progress에서 진행 상황 확인 (Disk 용량에 따라 진행 속도가 다름)

VIRTUAL DISK CONFIG - vdisk configuration - vdisk status 클릭

위 이미지는 fail 난 disk는 빼고, 새 디스크를 넣은 다음 인클로져에서 디스크를 인지한 상태입니다.

VIRTUAL DISK CONFIG - vdisk configuration - add vdisk spares 클릭

Virtual disk config-Vdisk Configuration-add vdisk spares 로 가면 교체한 디스크에 체크 할 수 있도록 나옮니다. 위 이미지는 체크후 Add Vdisk Spares 버튼을 클릭한 후의 이미지입니다.

아래 이미지는 vdisk utility progress 이미지이고 Rebuilding진행률을 보여줍니다.

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[Solaris]xscf version update

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xscf의 version update에 대해서 알아 봅시다!!

작 업 순 서 :

순번 설명
1 xscf LAN IP 할당 및 https 포트 enabled
2 firmware version 확인
3
firmware download 및 upload
4 fimware update
5 firmware version 확인

본 문서는 xscf 구조 및 command 문서를 본 뒤에 봐야 이해가 쉽고, 1번은 앞 문서에 해당 내용이 기술되어 있으므로 생략한다.

2. firmware version 확인

XSCF> version -c xcp
XSCF#0 (Active )
XCP0 (Current): 1116
XCP1 (Reserve): 1116

xscf를 업데이트하는 주요 이유 중 하나는 xscf board 장애 시 EEPROM Panel과 XSCF 간 mismatch version 으로 인해 에러 로그가 발생하기 때문이다. EEPROM Panel version의 경우는 최초 xscf가 booting 될 때 로그인창에 뿌려주는 것을 제외하면 몇 버전인지 볼 수 있는 명령이 없다. 위 명령은 xscf board의 version을 확인하는 명령이다.

3. firmware download 및 upload

MOS(My Oracle Support)에서 xscf update 등의 검색어를 입력하면 firmware update 할 수 있는 파일이 출력되고, 각 장비마다 각 버전마다 Download Location을 제공한다.

https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/SearchDocDisplay?_adf.ctrl-state=r75d6qsnn_9&_afrLoop=783371501910563

파일을 다운로드 뒤 압축을 풀면 여러 파일들이 나타나는데, 업데이트 파일은 FFXCP1116.tar.gz 등으로
장비타입VersionNumber.tar.gz 로 명명된다.

업로드를 위해서 XSCF LAN Port에 연결 후 https://장비_IP 로 접속한다.

접속 뒤 위 화면과 같이 Utilities - Firmware Update 탭에서 해당 업데이트 파일을 업로드를 하고, complete 메시지가 출력될 때까지 기다린다.

업로드 확인은 xscf 모드에서 아래와 같이 getflashimage -l 명령을 통해 확인한다.

XSCF> getflashimage -l
Existing versions:
Version Size Date
FFXCP1116.tar.gz 45794557 Mon Apr 14 12:35:39 KST 2014

4. xscf firmware update

XSCF> flashupdate -c update -m xcp -s upload된_버전 으로 update를 수행하고, 업데이트를 마친 뒤 xscf는 재기동을 한번 한다.

XSCF> flashupdate -c update -m xcp -s 1116

5. xscf version 확인

XSCF> version -c xcp
XSCF#0 (Active )
XCP0 (Current): 1116
XCP1 (Reserve): 1116

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[Unix] UNIX OS별 기본 명령어!!

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Common Unix Commands

Sysinfo	Display system information i.e cpu, memory, etc
Memory and Swap	Information regarding the physical memory and swap area
Disks, Filesystems and Devices	Displaying disk information, filesystems
Networking	Display and configuring network parameters
Crash Dump	Configure, display and use the crash dump utiltities
Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics	List, Monitor and trace processes
Kernel Modules and Parameters	Displaying, modifying and tuning kernel parameters
Services	Display, start and stop services
Patching / Packages	Installing and removing patches and software packages
Accounts	Setting up and removing user accounts
NFS	Information on NFS i.e starting, stopping, etc
NTP	Network Time Protocol
Log Files	Location to common log files
Security	Security information
Misc	Other stuff i.e shutdown, timezone, run level, etc

sysinfo

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP-UX	AIX
Server Release info	cat /etc/release	cat /etc/enterprise-release cat /etc/redhat-release lsb_release -a cat /proc/version	cat /etc/lsb-release lsb_release -a	/stand/kernrel	oslevel -r	Server Release info
Server type	/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v	dmidecode	dmidecode	model uname -a	prtconf \| grep -i 'System Model'	Server type
Hardware Info	prtdiag -v prtconf -D prtpicl -v [-c <class>] picl = platform information and control library	lspci lsusb lshal Note: hal = hardware abstraction layer	lspci lsusb lshal	ioscan ioscan -fun [disk\|tape\|lan] /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info	lscfg -v lscfg -l ent0 lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter) lsdev lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 lsslot -c [pci\|phb\|port] lsslot -c pci -l ent0 lspath -l hdisk0 diag	Hardware Info
Operating System	uname -a	uname -a	uname -a	uname -a	oslevel [-r\|-s]	Operating System
Memory	/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v prtconf \| grep -i mem	cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om cat /proc/slabinfo	cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om cat /proc/slabinfo	dmesg \| grep -i physical /usr/sam/lbin/getmem /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info	prtconf -m prtconf \|grep -i memory lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem bootinfo -r	Memory
CPU (type, number, etc)	/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v ## display,offline,online psrinfo psradm -f 0 (offline) psradm -n 0 (online)	cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed)	cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed)	/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest sam -> performance monitors -> system properties cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info	prtconf \|grep -i processor	CPU (type, number, etc)
Disk Drives	format prtvtoc <device> format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI) Note: EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe -s <device> smartctl -a <device>	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device>	ioscan -funC disk	lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller) lsdev -Cc disk -S [a\|d\|s] (available, defined, stopped) lscfg -v -l hdisk0	Disk Drives
Kernel File and associated directories	/kernel/genunix /platform/`uname -m`/kernel /platform/i86pc/kernel /kernel /usr/kernel	/boot/initrd.?????.img /boot/vmlinuz	/boot/initrd.img-?????-server /boot/vmlinuz-????-server	/stand/vmunix	/unix /usr/lib/boot /usr/lib/drivers Note: /unix - symbolic link to kernel file i.e /usr/lib/boot/unix_64	Kernel File
Kernel 32 or 64	isainfo -kv (solaris 9+) isalist (sparc v9 will be listed first) isainfo -b	uname -a uname -m getconf -a \|grep -i 'long_bit' cat /proc/version	uname -a uname -m getconf -a \|grep -i 'long_bit'	getconf KERNEL_BITS ( version 11) /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest \|grep -i 'os mode' HPUX < version 11 all 32 bit Note: determine if system supports 64 bit getconf HW_CPU_SUPP_BITS /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest \|grep -i 'hw capability'	prtconf -k bootinfo -K	Kernel 32 or 64
Display Firmware	At the OK prompt type banner	boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12)	boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12)	workstations: reboot enter PDC type: IN (information menu) type: FV (Firmware Version)	prtconf \|grep -i firmware lscfg -pv invscout	Display Firmware
Display IRQ, IO ports and DMA	n/a	/proc/interrupts /proc/ioports /proc/dma	/proc/interrupts /proc/ioports /proc/dma	n/a	prtconf	Display IRQ, IO ports and DMA
GUI admin tool	admintool	linuxconf	linuxconf	sam	smit smitty	GUI admin tool

Memory and Swap

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
Memory	/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v prtconf \| grep -i mem	cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om	cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om	dmesg \| grep -i physical /usr/sam/lbin/getmem /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info	prtconf -m prtconf \|grep -i memory lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem bootinfo -r	Memory
page size (memory)	/usr/bin/pagesize	/usr/bin/getconf -a\| egrep -i 'pagesize\|page_size'	/usr/bin/getconf -a\| egrep -i 'pagesize\|page_size'	dmesg \|grep -i physical	pagesize pagesize -a (display all supported pagesizes)	page size (memory)
display swap	swap -l swap -s	cat /proc/swaps (detailed) swapon -s	cat /proc/swaps (detailed) swapon -s	swapinfo (displayed in KB) swapinfo -m (display in Mb) swapinfo -tm (total / Mb)	lsps -a (detailed) lsps -s	display swap
adding swap	mkfile 5m /var/swapfile swap -a /var/swapfile update /etc/vfstab	device: create partition with fdisk (type 82) file(create 50MB swap file): dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000 mkswap <device>\|<file> swapon <device>\|<file> update /etc/fstab	device: create partition with fdisk (type 82) file(create 50MB swap file): dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000 mkswap <device>\|<file> swapon <device>\|<file> update /etc/fstab	Create logical volume or filesystem swapon <device> \| -f <logical device> swapon -p 3 <device> \| -f <logical device> update /etc/fstab Note: -p = priority swap number . The nswapdevtunable system parameter controls the maximum number of swap devices.	mkps -a -s 4 -n <volume group> # change the attributes chps -a n paging00 (don't use after restart) # change the logical volume attributes (name in this case) chlv -n <new name> <old old> (chang page space name) Note: -a reconfigure paging space after restart -s size of the page space (logical partitions) -n activiates the paging space (use swapoff to deactivate) also see /etc/swapspaces file	adding swap
removing swap	update /etc/vfstab swap -d	swapoff <device>\|<file> Remove device or file as normal	swapoff <device>\|<file> Remove device or file as normal	remove entry from /etc/fstab reboot	swapoff /dev/paging00 rmps paging00 Note: paging space must be deactiviated before removing	removing swap

Disks, Filesystems and Devices

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
Disk Drives	format prtvtoc <device> cfgadm -al fcinfo hba-port luxadm probe mpathadm list initiator-port mpathadm show <initiator-port name> iscsiadm list initiator-node iscsiadm list discovery format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI) Note: EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device> udevadm info -q all -n /dev/sda1 blkid dmsetup [ls\|info]	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device>	ioscan -funC disk	lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller) lsdev -Cc disk -S [a\|d\|s] (available, defined,stopped) lscfg -v -l hdisk0	Disk Drives
Disk serial Number, type, etc	format iostat -En luxadm inq <disk> (A5x00 disk arrays)	hdparm -i /dev/hda hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed) hdparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test) sdparm -i /dev/sdb cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model cat /proc/scsi/scsi	hdparm -i /dev/hda hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed) haparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test) sdparm -i /dev/sdb cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model cat /proc/scsi/scsi	diskinfo -v /dev/rdsk/c0t4d0 (detailed but no serial number) /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest (no serial number) ## Insure that the online diagnostic support tools have been installed swlist -l bundle \| grep 'Support Tools' ## Command-Line Support Tools Manager (cstm) ## The run cstm cstm cstm> map cstm> sel dev 4 (select the disk of you choice) cstm> info cstm> il (obtain the serial number) cstm> quit	lscfg -vl hdisk0 lscfg -vl hdisk*	Disk serial Number, type, etc
Disk disk partitions	prtvtoc <device> cat /etc/vfstab	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) cat /proc/partitions (very high level) cat /etc/fstab	fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) cat /proc/partitions (very high level) cat /etc/fstab	lvlnboot -v /dev/vg00 lifls -Clv <device> # Display the LIF contents lifcp /dev/dsk/c0t6d0:AUTO - cat /etc/fstab Note: Boot programs are stored in the boot area in Logical Interchange Format (LIF), which is similar to a file system. For a device to be bootable, the LIF volume on that device must contain at least the ISL (the initial system loader) and HPUX (the HP-UX bootstrap utility) LIF files. ISL is like GRUB.	lsvg -l rootvg lchangelv cat /etc/filesystems	Disk disk partitions
List Raw Partitions	use format to partition the disk then just use the slice as a raw partition, remember to use the character device	## Old way /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices service rawdevices start chkconfig rawdevices on ## New way, Edit below file /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules udevinfo -d or udevadm info ## Display raw partitions raw -qa	mknod /dev/rawctl c 162 0 mknod /dev/raw/raw0 c 162 1 mknod /dev/raw/raw1 c 162 2 ln -s /dev/rawctl /dev/raw/rawctl ## map raw devices to the disk raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1 ## display raw devices raw -qa	Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem - that's it.	Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem # create a raw volume mklv -y rawVolume vg01 10	List Raw Partitions
Bad Blocks	format (use analyse )	badblocks	badblocks	dd if=/dev/rdsk/cXtYd0 of=/dev/null bs=1024K Note: no errors means disk is good	chlv -b [y\|n] <lv> Note: enables bad block relocation
Filesystem commands	df -k df -h	df -k df -h	df -k df -h	bdf df [-egiklnvfb]	df -k lsfs [<filesystem>] lsfs -q <filesystem> (detailed)	Filesystem commands
Filesystem (create\|remove)	newfs -v <raw device> # Display how the filesystem was created newfs -Nv <filesystem>	mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 # all point to mke2fs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 cat /etc/mke2fs.conf	mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1	newfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1 mkfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1 Note: mkfs and newfs are a pointer to /sbin/fs_wrapper	crfs -v jfs2 -d data02lv -m /data02 -A yes -v filesystem type -d device or logical volume -m mountpoint -A mount after restart [yes\|no] rmfs -ri /data02 -r remove the mountpoint -i display warning before removing chfs -a size=+1G /var (grow by additional 1GB) chfs -a size=1G /var (grow to 1GB in size)	Filesystem (create\|remove\|resize)
Tune Filesystems	tunefs fstyp -v <device> \|grep -i minfree	tune2fs tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 # change reserved blocks percentage to 1% tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1	tune2fs tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 # change reserved blocks percentage to 1% tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1	tunefs -v <filesystem> vxtunefs -v <filesystem> fstyp -v <filesystem> # Disk fragmentation fsadm -F vxfs -E / (report) fsadm -F vxfs -e / (defrag)	chfs Note: you can perform the following resize freeze change mountpoint permissions lots more..............................	Tune Filesystems
Force fsck	# Check to see filesystem needs checking fstyp -v <filesystem> \| grep fsclean	touch /forcefsck shutdown -Fr now fsck.mode=force (kernel parameter) tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> \|grep -i 'filesystem state'	touch /forcefsck shutdown -r now tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> \|grep -i 'filesystem state' # edit /etc/default/rcS change below so # you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes	# Look at the second line to see if a filesystem # needs checking tunefs -v <filesystem>	n/a	Force fsck
backup filesystem	ufsdump\|ufsrestore tar dd cpio	dump/restore tar dd cpio	dump/restore tar dd cpio	fbackup/frecover dump/restore ftio tar dd cpio	backup\|restore tar dd cpio	backup filesystem
Display the boot device	eeprom \|grep boot-device prtconf -pv \|grep bootpath prtpicl -v\|grep ':bootpath'	cat /boot/grub/grub.conf cat /etc/lilo.conf grub = grand unified boot loader lilo = linux loader	cat /boot/grub/menu.lst	setboot	bootinfo -b (display last boot device) bootlist -m [normal\|service] -o (display bootable devices)	Display the boot device
Setting the boot device	setenv boot-device [<device>\|<alias>] eeprom boot-device [<device>\|<alias>]	/boot/grub/grub.conf /etc/lilo.conf	/boot/grub/menu.lst	setboot -p <primary path> setboot -a <alternate path> # autoboot sequnce setboot -b [on\|off]	bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1	Setting the boot device
Creating boot device (MBR)	installboot /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk <raw-device>	grub-install <raw-device> lilo -v	grub-install <raw-device>	mkboot -l <device> Note: we are treating the disk as a LVM device	bosboot -a (uses default device) bosboot -ad hdisk1	Creating boot device (MBR)
Format floppy drive	fdformat -v -U volcheck -v newfs -v /vol/disk/aliases/floppy0	floppy --probe (use device obtained below ) floppy --createrc > /etc/fd0 floppy --format /dev/fd0 mkfs /dev/fd0	n/a	n/a	format -d /dev/rfd0 format -d /dev/fd0.18 (high format)	Format floppy drive
mount/unmount floppy	volrmmount -l floppy0 eject floppy	mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy umount /mnt/floppy	n/a	n/a	mount /dev/rfd0 /floppy	mount/unmount floppy
mount/unmount CDROM	mount -F hsfs -o ro <device path> /cdrom/cdrom0 umount /cdrom/cdrom0 /etc/init.d/volmgr start eject cdrom	mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom umount /mnt/cdrom eject cdrom	mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom umount /mnt/cdrom eject cdrom	mount -rF cdfs /dev/dsk/c1t6d0 /cdrom start: /usr/sbin/pps_mountd pps_mount	mount -v cdrfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdrom umount /cdrom	mount/unmount CDROM
mount/umount ISO image	lofiadm -a <iso image> /dev/lofi/1 mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/lofi/1 /mnt # to list lofiadm
remount a filesystem	n/a	mount -o remount,rw /	mount -o remount,rw /	mount_vxfs -o remount,ro <filesystem>	mount -o remount,rw <filesystem> Note:I did find a note that it should be possible to remount a jfs2 filesystem, but it did not work on my system	remount a filesystem
create boot disk or recovery tape	n/a	mkbootdisk `uname -r` (boot diskette)	n/a	recovery tape (preview) make_tape_recovery -v -l -x inc_entire=vg00 /opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery -ACv	mksysb	create boot disk or recovery tape
boot cdrom/diskette (single user)	ok> boot cdrom -s	using the grub window append the word singleto the kernel line	using the grub window append the word singleto the kernel line	enter PDC > search >boot p1 (cdrom) interact with IPL? Y ISL> hpux -is	based on a 9114-275 workstation Restart the machine. Wait the the AIX splash screen to come up. Devices begin to initialize here. When you see the [keyboard] word on screen hit the F5 button or the 5 key depending on your console. Choose “default boot list ” when the maintenance screen comes up.	boot cdrom/diskette (single user)
boot into maintenace mode	ok> boot -as	f10 or f12	f10 or f12	>boot pri interact with IPL? Y ISL> hpux -lm	based on a 9114-275 workstation Restart the machine. Wait the the AIX splash screen to come up. Devices begin to initialize here. When you see the [keyboard] word on screen hit the F5 button or the 5 key depending on your console. Choose “select boot options ” when the maintenance screen comes up, then option 1, then option 1 for scsi, then option 3 service mode boot	boot into maintenace mode
Device paths	floppy: disk: /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 tape: /dev/rmt/0ucb cdrom: /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s0 /dev/scd0 (external usb cd)	floppy: /dev/fd0 disk: /dev/hda or /dev/sda /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb tape: cdrom: /dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks)	floppy: /dev/fd0 disk: /dev/hda or /dev/sda /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb tape: cdrom: /dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks)	floppy: n/a disk: /dev/dsk/c0t6d0 tape: /dev/dsk/rmt/0 cdrom: /dev/dsk/c1t6d0	floppy: /dev/fd0 /dev/rfd0 disk: /dev/hdisk0 tape: cdrom: /dev/cd0	Device paths
update /dev directory	drvconfig devlinks disks\|tapes\|ports devfsadm ( solaris 8, 9, 10)	/dev/MAKEDEV <device>	/dev/MAKEDEV <device>	insf -C tape (Class) insf -H 0.1.0 -e (recreate deleted link)	cfgmgr cfgmgr -l scsi0 mkdev	update /dev directory
remove or change a device	rem_drv			# remove all devices from a hardward path rmsf -k -H 52.6.0	rmdev rmdev -l cd0 chdev chdev -l rmt0 -a ret=no	remove or change a device
list device drivers	prtconf -D sysdef	cat /proc/devices	cat /proc/devices	lsdev	lsdev lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 lsslot -c pci -l ent0 lscfg lscfg -l ent0 lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter) lspath -l hdisk0 getconf DISK_SIZE hdisk1 (detailed)	list device drivers

Networking

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
Basic network information (hostname, ip address)	/etc/hostname.hme0	/etc/sysconfig/network /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0	/etc/network/interfaces	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf	stores information in the ODM (Object Database Manager)	Basic network information (hostname, ip address)
displaying network interfaces	prtdiag -v ifconfig -a kstat hme:0:parameters:<param name> kstat e1000g:0:parameters:<param name> module:instance:name:statistics # Solaris 11 netadm list dladm show-phys dladm show-link dladm show-linkprop dladm show-vnic dladm show-etherstub ipadm show-if ipadm show-ifprop ipadm show-addr ipadm show-addrprop	ifconfig system-config-network (GUI)	ifconfig	ioscan -funC lan (list hardware) lanscan -v (list configured) ifconfig lan0 (individual)	ifconfig -a entstat -d <interface> lsdev -Cc if lsdev -Cc tcpip odmget -q "name=en0" CuAt lsattr -EHl en0	displaying network interfaces
Configure network interface	ifconfig # Solaris 11 - Automatic (using profiles) netadm enable -p ncp Automatic netcfg (use by Automatic) # Solaris 11 - Manual netadm enable -p ncp DefaultFixed netcfg dladm create-vnic dladm delete-vnic dladm rename-link dladm create-etherstub ipadm create-ip net1 ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.0.110/24 net1/pfv ipadm delete-ip ipadm delete-addr	ifconfig	ifconfig	ifconfig <interface>	mktcpip (completely setup a network interface) rmtcpip (remove all network interfaces) # configure an interface mktcpip -h aix1 -a 192.168.1.200 -m 255.255.255.0 -i en1 -g 192.168.0.10 -h - hostname assigned to interface -a - ip address -m - netmask -i - interface name -g - gateway ip address # remove an interface ifconfig en1 detach ifconfig (configures IP address) chdev (add aliases to network interface)	Configure network interface
Starting and stopping a network interface	ifconfig qfe0 up ifconfig qfe0 down	/sbin/ifup eth0 /sbin/ifdown eth0	/sbin/ifup eth0 /sbin/ifdown eth0	ifconfig lan0 up ifconfig lan0 down note: there is no "ifconfig -a" in hpux use lanscan then "ifconfig <interface>"	ifconfig en0 up ifconfig en0 down ifconfig en0 detach (remove)	Starting and stopping a network interface
Setting NIC speed	ndd -set <device> <parm> <value> (dynamically) /etc/system (edit and update then reboot - permanent)	mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD eth0 ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full	ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full	ndd -set <device> <parm> <value> lanadmin -X <option> lan0	chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=1000_Full_Duplex -P chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=Auto_Negotiation -P Note: entX - physical device enX - frame type run on entX	Setting NIC speed
Change NIC parameters	ndd -get <device> <parm> # List parameters ndd -get /dev/hme \? ndd -get /dev/e1000g0 \? ndd -get /dev/ip \? ndd -get /dev/tcp \?	mii-tool -v ethtool eth1 ethtool -t eth0 online sysctl -a \| grep net*	ethtool eth0 sysctl -a \|grep net*	lanadmin -> lan -> display ## options supported ndd -get /dev/ip ? ndd -get /dev/tcp ? ndd -get /dev/arp ? ndd -get /dev/udp ?	netstat -v entstat -d <interface> no -a no -o "ipforwarding=1"	NIC speeds or Parameters
Display NIC statistics				netstat -i [-I interface] netstat -s	netstat -i [-f inet] netstat -s entstat -d <interface>	Display network statistics
display MAC address	ifconfig -a (as user root)	ifconfig system-config-network (GUI)	ifconfig	lanscan	netstat -ia	display MAC address
Displaying network packets	snoop -d <interface>	tcpdump -i <interface> ethereal (needs to be installed)	tcpdump -i <interface> ethereal (needs to be installed)	nettl -start nettl -status all nettl -tn pduin pduout -e ns_ls_driver -file /var/adm/LAN nettl -stop use netfmt to display the trace file	tcpdump -i <interface> iptrace -i <interface> <output file> ipreport (used with iptrace to view reports) Note: you must stop the iptrace by using "kill -15"	Displaying network packets
default router	/etc/defaultrouter route add default <gateway> route -p add default <gateway> (persist changes)	edit /etc/sysconfig/network add: GATEWAY=<IP address>	edit /etc/network/interfaces add: gateway <IP address>	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf	route add 0 <gateway IP address> Note: there is no file that holds the default router	default router
display routing table	netstat -rn	netstat -rn route -n	netstat -rn route -n	netstat -rn	netstat -rn netstat -r -f inet lsattr -EHl inet0 -a route	display routing table
Test IPMP, Bonding	if_mpadm -d (detach) if_mpadm -r (reattach) tail /var/adm/messages	ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach) ifenslave bond0 eth1 (reattach) cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 # create bonding /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 # modprobe /etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf # for bonding options - use BONDING_OPTS /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 # see bonding mode cat /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/mode	ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach) ifenslave bond0 eth1 (reattach) cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0	You buy an optional product called Auto-Port Aggragation.	smitty etherchannel (creates, deletes and tests) entstat -d ent0	Test IPMP, Bonding
change the hostname	change the following files: /etc/nodename /etc/hostname.<interface> /etc/inet/hosts /etc/inet/ipnodes /etc/net - few files in here as well # Solaris 11 svccfg -s system/identity:node listprop config/nodename svcfg -s system/identity:node setprop config/nodename = astring: hostname svcadm refresh system/identity:node svcadm restart indentity:node	/etc/sysconfig/network /etc/hosts sysctl -a \|grep hostname	/etc/hostname /etc/hosts sysctl -a \|grep hostname	set_parms hostname (requires reboot)	hostname <new hostname> chdev -l inet0 -a hostname=<hostname>	change the hostname
setup DNS	/etc/resolv.conf # Solaris 11 - You need to use the svccfg command svccfg -s dns/client listprop config/nameserver svccfg -s dns/client listprop config/search svccfg -s name-service/switch listprop config/host svccfg -s name-service/switch listprop config/password svcprop <pattern> Note: just use listprop on its own to view all options svccfg -s "dns/client" setprop "config/nameserver = net_address: (192.168.0.1)" svccfg -s "dns/client" setprop 'config/domain = astring: ("datadisk.co.uk")' svccfg -s "name-service/switch" setprop 'config/host = astring: "file dns"' svcadm refresh name-service/switch svcadm refresh dns/client	/etc/resolv.conf	/etc/resolv.conf	/etc/resolv.conf	/etc/resolv.conf	setup DNS
Name service switch file (DNS client)	/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf # Solaris 11 - you need to use the svccfg command see above	/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/resolv.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/resolv.conf	/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf	/etc/netsvc.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/irs.conf (may not be there) chnamsv (change name service) rmnamsv (remove a name service) lsnamsv -C (list name services)	Name service switch file (DNS client)
Flush DNS cache	svcadm restart system/name-service-cache:default	## if installed service nscd restart		n/a	netcdctrl -t dns -e hosts -f	Flush DNS cache
Domain Name	/etc/defaultdomain	/etc/sysconfig/network (HOSTNAME option) /etc/resolv.conf Note: for NIS use the NISDOMAIN option	/etc/host /etc/resolv.conf	/etc/rc.config.d/netconf	domainname <domainname>	Domain Name
Obtain IP Address routing	route -n get <hostname> traceroute	ip route get <IP address> traceroute	ip route get <IP address> traceroute	n/a	route -n get <hostname>	Obtain IP Address routing
Find Services on the network	Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1	Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv	Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv	Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1	Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1	Find Services on the network

Crash Dump

Solaris

Red Hat

Ubuntu/Debian

AIX

Crash Dump

dumpadm -d <device>
coreadm

crash (used to analyse crash dumps)
adb (used to analyse crash dumps)

diskdump
netdump
kdump (part of kexec rpm)

/etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go)
service kdump start
chkconfig kdump on

## to crash the system
echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

crash (used to analyse crash dumps)

diskdump
netdump
kdump (part of kexec rpm)

/etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go)
service kdump start
chkconfig kdump on

## to crash the system
echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

crash (used to analyse crash dumps)

edit /stand/system

add either:
dump 2/0/1.5.0
dump lvol
dump none

# crash config file
/etc/rc.config.d/savecrash

sysdumpdev -l (list dump destination)
sysdumpdev -e (estimates dumpsize)
sysdumpdev -L (info)

sysdumpstart -p (start dump primary)
sysdumpstart -s (start dump secondary)

# set the dump device permanently
sysdumpdev -p <dump device> -P

# analyse dump file
echo "stat\n status\n t -m" | crash /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0

Crash Dump

Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
CPU	top (sunfreeware) prstat sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat	top sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat procinfo oprofile cat /proc/cpuinfo	top sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat procinfo cat /proc/cpuinfo	top sar w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat glance sam	topas -P topas -L (logical partitions) mpstat sar -c w (load average) uptime (load average) lparstat ps iostat -tT 1 tprof curt	CPU
Memory	prstat vmstat top sar	free vmstat top procinfo slabtop sar cat /proc/meminfo	free vmstat top procinfo slabtop sar cat /proc/meminfo	top vmstat sar sam glance	topas vmstat sar -b svmon ps ipcs -a lockstat (version 4) rmss	Memory
Network	ndd netstat lsof snoop route	ethtool mii-tool netstat lsof tcpdump ip iptraf nmap	ethtool mii-tool netstat lsof tcpdump ip iptraf	netstat lanadmin sam glance	[ent\|tok\|fddi\|atm]stat netstat netpmon (trcstop to stop trace)	Network I/O
Disk	sar -d iostat vmstat lsof	sar -d iostat vmstat lsof	sar -d iostat vmstat lsof	iostat sar sam glance	topas -D (disk) topas -F (filesystem) iostat sar -D fcstat (fibre) lvmstat filemon (trcstop to stop) fileplace # disk stat history chdev -l sys0 -a iostat=true lsattr -HEl sys0 -a iostat	Disk I/O
Application	truss -p <pid> ppriv -D -e <command>	strace -p <pid>	strace -p <pid>	download and install tusc tusc -p <pid>	topas truss sar probevue tprof svmon -P <pid>	Application
NFS	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	NFS
Process	top prstat ps -ef pargs <pid> pcred <pid> pfiles <pid> pflags <pid> pgrep <pattern> pkill <pattern> pmap <pid> pldd <pid> preap <pid> prun <pid> psig <pid> pstack <pid> pstop <pid> ptime <pid> ptree <pid> pwait <pid> pwdx<pid>

Kernel Modules and Parameters

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
display loaded modules	modinfo	cat /proc/modules (more detailed) lsmod modinfo <module> Location: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers Config: /etc/modprobe.conf /etc/modprobe.d	cat /proc/modules (more detailed) lsmod Location: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers Config: /etc/modprobe.d/options /etc/modprobe.d	kmadmin -k	genkex	display loaded modules
load modules	modload -p drv/<module name>	modprobe <module> insmod	modprobe <module> insmod	kmadmin -L <module name>	n/a	load modules
unload modules	modunload -i <module number>	modprobe -r <module> rmmod	modprobe -r <module> rmmod	kmadmin -U <module name> kmadmin -u <module id>	n/a	unload modules
set kernel parameters (tuning)	/etc/system (edit and reboot)	/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot) sysctl -p <filename> sysctl -w param=value No reboot (dynamically): echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall etc.............................................	/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot) sysctl -p <filename> sysctl -w param=value No reboot (dynamically): echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall etc.............................................	kcweb (11i) kctune (11i only) rebuild kernel (< 11i see below)	chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value> no -a (network) vmo -a (virtual memory) nfso -a (NFS) ioo -a (Input/Ouput) raso -a (reliability, availability, serviceability) schedo -a (processor scheduler) vi /etc/security/limits cd /etc/tunables tunchange, tundefault, tunsave, tunrestore, tuncheck Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted	set kernel parameters
display kernel parameters	cat /etc/system sysdef -i	sysctl -a cat /etc/sysctl.conf cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax etc...................................	sysctl -a cat /etc/sysctl.conf cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax etc...................................	kctune (11i only) sysdef kmtune kmsystem /usr/sam/lbin/getkinfo -f /stand/vmunix -o /tmp/kernel.data	lsattr -EHl sys0 Note: only a few kernel parameters can be changed	display kernel parameters
build kernel	edit and update file then reboot: /etc/system	cd /usr/src/linux-2.5 edit Makefile (change EXTRAVERSION) make mrproper backup .config make xconfig make dep make bzImage make modules move new kernel make modules_install change lilo/grub config file reboot		cd /stand/build /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system edit system file /usr/sbin/mk_kernel -s ./system mv /stand/system /stand/system.old mv /stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix.old mv /stand/build/system /stand mv /stand/build/vmunix_test /stand/vmunix reboot	chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value> Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted	build kernel
interprocess communication	ipcs -a	ipcs -a	ipcs -a	ipcs -a	ipcs -a	interprocess communication

Services

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
display services	svcs -a svcs -l <service> svcs -vx inetadm -l	service --status-all	There is no services or chkconfig command use the old fashioned way /etc/init.d/<service>	There is no services or chkconfig command use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service>	lssrc -a	display services
start services	svcadm enable nfs	service nfs start			startsrc -s <subsystem> startsrc -g <group>	start services
stop services	svcadm disable nfs	service nfs stop			stopsrc -s <subsystem> stopsrc -g <group>	stop services
reload service	svcadm refresh nfs svcadm clear nfs (changes state)	service nfs reload			refresh -s <subsystem>	reload service
restart service	svcadm restart nfs	service nfs restart			stopsrc -s <subsystem> startsrc -s <subsystem>	restart service
service status	svcs nfs	service nfs staus			lssrc -a	service status
service dependencies	svcs -d network	n/a			n/a	service dependencies
service dependants	svcs -D network	n/a			n/a	service dependants
Service notifications	# change or add svccfg # verify or confirm svcprop
service logging, etc	/var/svc/log /var/svc/manifest /lib/svc/method /etc/svc/repository.db /system/volatile/svc_nonpersist.db	n/a			/var/adm/ras /etc/syslog.conf /etc/rc.tcpip	service logging, etc
change service startup	n/a	chkconfig --levels 2345 nfs on			n/a	change service startup
Add a new service	n/a	# Create your stop/start # script in /etc/init.d chkconfig --add <script>

Patching / Software

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
display installed patches	showrev -p patchadd -p			swlist -l bundle swlist -l product swlist -l patch	instfix -ia	display installed patches
adding patch	patchadd patchadd -M <dir> (multiple patches)	patch -p1 <patch> zcat patch46.gz \| patch -p1 Note: -p = # of path stripping		swcopy (install patch into depot) swinstall (install patch from depot) Note: the swagentd daemon must be running	instfix -k	adding patch
removing patch	patchrm	patch -R -p1 <patch>		swremove	installp -r	removing patch
display installed packages	pkginfo (all packages) pkginfo -l (single package) pkgchk -l -p <file> (file belongs) # NEW IPS pkg list (all packages) pkg info (single package) pkg search (find packages and files)	rpm -qa (all packages) rpm -q (single package) rpm -qf (file belongs) rpm -qi <package> (very detailed)	dpkg -l dpkg -S <search string> (search) dpkg -S <filename> (file belongs) dpkg -s <package> (status) dpkg -p <package> (detailed)	swlist -l bundle <bundle> swlist -l product <product> ## check a package swlist -s <full_path/software>	lslpp -L all (all filesets) lslpp -L <package> (single fileset) lslpp -w <file> (file belongs) lslpp -ha (history of filesets) rpm -qa (all packages) rpm -q (single package) rpm -qf (file belongs) rpm -qi <package> (very detailed) oslevel -g (install packkages above os level) whereis <filename> which_fileset <filename>	display installed packages
adding package	pkgadd # NEW IPS pkg install pkg update	rpm -Uhv (updates/installs if not already) rpm -ihv (install)	dpkg -i <package>	swinstall swinstall -s <full_path/software>	installp -a installp -c (cleanup after failed install) rpm -i geninstall (generic installer: installp, RPM, etc)	adding package
removing packages	pkgrm # NEW IPS pkg uninstall <package>	rpm -e <package>	dpkg -r <package> (do not remove config files) dpkg -P <package> (remove config files)	swremove	installp -u (commited packages) installp -r (applied packages) rpm -e <package> geninstall -u <package>	removing packages
verify package	pkginfo -l pkginfo -p # NEW IPS pkg publisher pkg verify <package>	rpm -V <package>	n/a	swverity <fileset> (see /var/adm/sw/swagent.log)	lppchk -v rpm -V <package>	verify package
List files in package	pkgchk -l <package> \| grep -i pathname # NEW IPS pkg contents <package>	rpm -ql <package>	dpkg -L <package> (list files)	swlist -l file <product>	lslpp -f <fileset> rpm -ql <package>	List files in package
Other package commands	# NEW IPS pkg history pkg purge-history pkg freeze pkg unfreeze pkg fix pkg refresh pkg publisher
Package directory	/var/sadm	/var/lib/rpm	/var/lib/dpkg/info	/var/adm/sw	/usr/lpp /var/lib/rpm	Package directory
List libraries required for binary program	ldd <file>	ldd <file>	ldd <file>	chatr <file>	ldd <file>	List libraries required for binary program

Accounts

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
display users	cat /etc/passwd logins -x [-p]	cat /etc/passwd system-config-users (GUI)	cat /etc/passwd	cat /etc/passwd logins -x	cat /etc/passwd lsuser -f ALL (detailed)	display users
create a user	useradd # user defaults /usr/sadm/defadduser	useradd system-config-users (GUI)	useradd	useradd sam	mkuser useradd	create a user
remove a user	userdel	userdel system-config-users (GUI)	userdel	userdel sam	rmuser userdel	remove a user
modify a user	usermod	usermod system-config-users (GUI)	usermod	usermod sam	chuser -a usermod passwd -f passwd -s chfn <username> chfn <username><shell>	modify a user
change user password	passwd	passwd	passwd	passwd	passwd pwdadm pwdck -t ALL	change user password
create a group	groupadd	groupadd	groupadd	groupadd	mkgroup <group name>	create a group
remove a group	groupdel	groupdel	groupdel	groupdel	rmgroup <group name>	remove a group
modify a goup	groupmod	groupmod	groupmod	groupmod	chgroup <attribute><group name>	modify a goup
password files	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /tcb/files/auth/r/root (trusted system)	/etc/security/passwd	password files
useful user commands	id -a whoami who w finger logins -p	id -a whoami who w finger	id -a whoami who w finger	id whoami who w uptime (displays # of users logged in) finger	id whoami who w uptime (displays # of users logged in) finger # License information lslicense chlicense # Maximum number of processes for a user lsattr -D -l sys0 -a maxuproc chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=<number>	useful user commands
useful group commands	groups setpgrp newgrp	groups	groups	groups setprivgrp	groups setgroups lsgroup ALL	useful group commands
Password Policy	/etc/security/policy.conf /etc/default/passwd	/etc/login.defs
Password Aging	passwd	chage -l <user> chage <options> <user>

NFS

Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
NFS Daemons	server: mountd, nfsd client: statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd,nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd,nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd, nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd, nfsd client: rpc.statd, rpc.lockd	NFS Daemons
NFS files	/etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/rmtab	/etc/exports /var/lib/nfs/etab /var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/exports /var/lib/nfs/etab /var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/exports /etc/xtab	/etc/exports /etc/xtab	NFS files
List nfs clients that have a remote mount	/etc/rmtab	/var/lib/nfs/rmtab	/var/lib/nfs/rmtab	/etc/rmtab	/etc/xtab	List nfs clients that have a remote mount
display nfs shares	dfshares showmount -e localhost	showmount -e localhost	showmount -e localhost	showmount -e localhost	exportfs showmount -e localhost	display nfs shares
create nfs share	/etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and add share) share <path> ## dfstab example share -F nfs -d "jumpstart" /export/jumpstart	redhat-config-nfs (GUI) /etc/exports (edit and add share) /sbin/service nfs reload ## /etc/exports example /export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)	/etc/exports (edit and add share, see below example) exportfs -rav (export the shares) /etc/init.d/portmap restart /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart ## /etc/exports example /export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)	/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit) /etc/exports (edit and add share) exportfs -a	mknfsexp -d <directory> mknfsmnt shareall	create nfs share
uncreate nfs share	unshare <path> /etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and remove share)	/etc/exports (edit and remove share) /sbin/service nfs reload	/etc/exports (edit and remove share) exportfs -rav (export the shares)	/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit) exportfs -au (unshare all) exportfs -u /home/vallep /etc/exports (edit and remove share)	rmnfsexp -d <directory> (unshares and removes from file) exportfs -u <filesystem> unshareall	uncreate nfs share
start/change nfs daemons	/etc/init.d/nfs.server start /etc/init.d/nfs.client start svcadm enable nfs/server svcadm disable nfs/server	/sbin/service nfs start	/etc/init.d/portmap start /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start	/sbin/init.d/nfs.core start /sbin/init.d/nfs.server start /sbin/init.d/nfs.client start	mknfs chnfs startsrc -s nfsd startsrc -s rpc.mountd	start/change nfs daemons
stop nfs daemons	/etc/init.d/nfs.server stop /etc/init.d/nfs.client stop	/sbin/service nfs stop	/etc/init.d/portmap stop /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server stop	/sbin/init.d/nfs.client stop /sbin/init.d/nfs.server stop /sbin/init.d/nfs.core stop	rmnfs stopsrc -s nfsd stopsrc -s rpc.mountd	stop nfs daemons
nfs status	ps -ef\|grep < nfs daemons>	/sbin/service nfs status	/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server status	ps -ef \| grep <nfs daemons>	lssrc -a \|grep -i nfs	nfs status
nfs reload	shareall	/sbin/service nfs reload	exportfs -rav (export the shares)	exportfs -a	exportfs -av	nfs reload
nfs performanace	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfs performanace
nfs Options	n/a	cat /var/lib/nfs/etab	cat /var/lib/nfs/etab	n/a	nfso -a nfso -o <option>=<value> exportfs (display options)	nfs Options
solaris/redhat mount problems (nfs v3 to v4)	## Make sure you use NFS version 3 mount -F nfs -o vers=3 <mount> <mountpoint>	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	solaris/redhat mount problems (nfs v3 to v4)

NTP

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
Time daemons	xntpd	ntpd	ntpd	xntpd	xntpd	Time daemons
ntp setup	# Solaris 8 /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.server /etc/ntp.client /etc/rc2.d/xntpd [start\|stop] # Solaris 10 /etc/inet/ntp.server /etc/inet/ntp.client svcadm enable ntpd	/etc/ntp.conf (edit with ntp servers) dateconfig (GUI) chkconfig --list ntpd chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on /sbin/service ntpd start	/etc/default/ntp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/init.d/ntp [start\|stop\|restart]	/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons (set XNTPD to 1) /etc/ntp.conf	/etc/ntp.conf startsrc -s xntpd stopsrc -s xntpd lslpp -L all\|grep xntpd	ntp setup
ntp daemon options	/lib/svc/method/xntp	/etc/sysconfig/ntpd	/etc/default/ntp	/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons	startsrc -s xntpd -a "-x" /etc/rc.tcpip	ntp daemon options
NTP Trace commands	ntpq -p ntptrace	ntpq -p ntptrace	ntpq -p ntptrace	ntpq -p ntpdate (set the date)	ntpq -p ntptrace ntpdate	NTP Trace commands

Log Files

Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
messages	/var/adm/messages	/var/log/messages	/var/log/messages	/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log	/var/adm/ras	messages
syslog	/var/log/syslog	/var/log/syslog	/var/log/syslog	/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log	/var/adm/ras	syslog
mail		/var/log/mail	/var/log/mail.*	/var/adm/syslog/mail.log	/usr/spool/mqueue/syslog	mail
cron	/var/cron/log	/var/log/cron	/var/log/cron.log	/var/adm/cron/log	/var/adm/cron/log	cron
boot	/var/adm/messages dmesg	/var/log/boot dmesg	/var/log/boot dmesg	/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log dmesg	/var/adm/ras alog -o -t boot alog -o -t console alog -L (list all the logs available)	boot
Error logging	logger	logger	logger	logger	/usr/lib/errdemon -l (display attributes) /usr/lib/errdemon (start error logging) /usr/lib/errstop (stop error logging) # use with above errorlog file errpt (summary errorlog report) errpt -a (detailed errorlog report) errpt -j <identifier> (single errorlog report) errclear (clears errorlog) errclear -d <class><days> (clears class errors) errlogger "message upto 230 chars"	Error logging

Security

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
Checking the passwd file	pwck	pwck	pwck	pwck	pwdck -t ALL usrck -t ALL	Checking the passwd file
checking the group file	grpck	grpck	grpck	grpck	grpck	checking the group file
console login (allow/deny)	# Solaris 10 (no reboot) /etc/default/login # Solaris 11 (no reboot) /etc/default/login /etc/user_attr (see below) rolemod -K type=normal root	# No reboot required /etc/securetty	# No reboot required /etc/securetty	# No reboot required /etc/securetty Note: you may need to create this file if it does not exist	# No reboot required /etc/security/user chsec -f /etc/security/user -s root	console login (allow/deny)

Misc

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
startup	eeprom setenv boot-device	grub (GUI) lilo (text based)	grub (GUI)	setboot -p <primary path> setboot -a <alternate path> # autoboot sequnce setboot -b [on\|off]	bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1	startup
shutdown	shutdown -i5 -g0 -y (power down) shutdown -i6 -g0 -y (reboot) shutdown -i0 -g0 -y (OK prompt) reboot -- -r (reboot/reconfigure) touch /reconfigure	shutdown -h (halt) shutdown -r (reboot) shutdown -f (fast reboot no fsck) shutdown -F (force fsck)	shutdown -h (halt) shutdown -r (reboot) shutdown -P (power off) touch /forcefsck # edit /etc/default/rcS change below so # you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes	shutdown -h now (halt) shutdown -r now(reboot)	shutdown -F (fast shutdown) shutdown -Fr (fast shutdown and reboot)	shutdown
Change run level	halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit uadmin	halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit	halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit	init reboot shutdown	init shutdown reboot telinit halt	Change run level
init status 0 1 2 3 4 5 6	0 - shutdown 1 - single user 2 - n/a 3 - Multi-user 4 - n/a 5 - power off 6 - reboot # change default vi /etc/inittab	0 - halt 1 - single user 2 - multiuser (no networking) 3 - multiuser (networking) 4 - unused 5 - GUI 6 - reboot # change default vi /etc/inittab	0 - halt 1 - single user 2 - multiuser (default) 3 - same as 2 4 - same as 2 5 - same as 2 6 - reboot # change default - change all the telinit vi /etc/event.d/rc-default	0 - halt 1 - single users 2 - multiuser (networking) 3 - multiuser (networking, NFS, and CDE GUI) (default) 4 - multiuser (netwrking, NFS, and VUE GUI) 5 - n/a 6 - n/a # change default - change the initdefault line vi /etc/inittab	0 - reserved 1 - reserved 2 - multiuser mode with NFS 3 - user defined 4 - user defined 5 - user defined 6 - user defined 7-9 - user defined # change default - change the initdefault line vi /etc/inittab	init status 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Startup options	boot <option> # Options -s single user -a interactive -x no device drivers (used in clustering) -r reconfigure devices -m milestone	single - use grub to edit kernel line emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no network emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage	single - use grub to edit kernel line emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no network emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage	interact with IPL? Y # single user ISL> hpux -is # Logical volume maintanence mode ISL> hpux -lm # No quroum check ISL> hpux -lq	Based on 9114-275 workstation 1. switch off the machine 2. power on and enter the SMS menu Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker	Startup options
startup scripts	/etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d	/etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d	/etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d	/sbin/init.d /etc/rc.config.d (startup config files) /sbin/rc0.d - /sbin/rc6.d	/etc/rc.d /etc/rc.d/init.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d - rc9.d /etc/rc.* (config files for auto-starting) also uses the System Resource Controller	startup scripts
boot prompt commands	boot printenv setenv banner devalias show-devs show-pci-devs-all probe-scsi-all probe-fcal-all probe-pci watch-net-all reset-all	F10 or F12	F10 or F12	interact with IPL? Y	Based on a 9114-275 workstation 1. switch off the machine 2. power on and enter the SMS menu Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker	boot prompt commands
Boot process	Phases: Boot PROM: displays system information, run POST, load bootblk, locate ufsboot Boot Programs: bootblk loads and executes the ufsboot Kernel Initialization: ufsboot loads and executes the core kernel, initializes core kernel data structures, loads other kernel modules based on the/etc/system file, starts/sbin/init program init: starts other processes based on the /etc/inittab file	Boot sequence BIOS POST Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to the bootloader GRUB or LILO GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage 1_5 GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5 files GRUB (stage 2) – reads /etc/grub.conf and displays the grub menu, it specifies the kernel and the initrd files KERNEL - control given to the kernel INIT - reads /etc/inittab and runs /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script	Boot sequence BIOS POST Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to the bootloader GRUB or LILO GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage 1_5 GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5 files GRUB (stage 2) – reads /boot/grub/menu.lst and displays the grub menu, it specifies the kernel and the initrd files KERNEL - control given to the kernel INIT - runs the /etc/event.d/rc-default script	Phases: PDC - processor-dependent code; executes and performs self-tests ISL - initial system loader; loads the secondary system loader hpux HPUX - is the secondary system loader and loads the kernel /stand/vmunix, then hands over to the kernel KERNEL - swapper processes are started by the kernel then starts the init process INIT - reads /etc/inittab	Phases: Read Only Storage (ROS): check the system board, perform POST, locate and load boot image, begin system initialization and execute phase 1 of the /etc/rc.boot script Base Device Configuration: start configuration manager to configue base devices System Boot: start init process phase 2, switch to hard-disk root filesystem, start other processes defined by /etc/inittab and execute phase 3 of the /etc/rc.boot script	Boot process
Boot Environments (BE)	bootadm list-archive bootadm update-archive bootadm list-menu bootadm set-menu <option> beadm create beadm rename beadm activate beadm list beadm destroy
determine the run level	who -r	runlevel who -r	runlevel who -r	who -r	who -r	determine the run level
obtain default run level	cat /etc/inittab	cat /etc/inittab	/etc/event.d/rc-default	/etc/inittab	/etc/inittab	obtain default run level
list locale	locale -a	locale -a	locale -a	locale -a	locale -a	list locale
start xwindows	n/a	startx (shorthand of below) initx (lots of parms)		n/a	n/a	start xwindows
initialize system	sys-unconfig			set_parms [initial\|hostname\|ip_address\|timezone] Note: set_parms is in /sbin	install_assist	initialize system
Timezone	/etc/TIMEZONE /etc/default/init	/etc/sysconfig/clock /usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab	/etc/timezone /usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab	/etc/TIMEZONE	/etc/environment /etc/profile	Timezone

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T계열은 ILOM이 있는데 ILOM 접속 후 전력소비량을 볼 수 가 있다.

1. 전원 사용 관리 및 전력 소비량 모니터링

▼ 전원 관리 등록 정보 보기(CLI)
● -> 프롬프트에서 다음 명령을 입력합니다.

-> show /SP/powermgmt

/SP/powermgmt

Targets:
Properties:

actual_power = 202
permitted_power = 762
available_power = 762

Commands:
cd
create

delete
set
show

설명

구분 의미
actual_power
시스템의 모든 전원 공급 장치가 소모하는 입력 전력(W)을 표시합니다.
permitted_power
예상되는 최대 전력 소모량(W)을 표시합니다.
available_power
시스템 구성 요소가 이용할 수 있는 입력 전력량(W)을 표시합니다.

2. 시스템이 소비한 전체 전력 보기

▼ 시스템이 소비한 전체 전력 보기(CLI)
/SYS/VPS 값은 다음 명령의 값과 같습니다. show /SP/powermgmt actual_power
/SP/powermgt actual_power 등록 정보는 /SYS/VPS가 임계값이 있는 센서이고
actual_power가 센서에 의해 반환된 값이라는 점에서 /SYS/VPS와 같습니다.

-> show /SYS/VPS

/SYS/VPS

Targets:

Properties:

type = Power Unit

class = Threshold Sensor

value = 202 Watts

upper_nonrecov_threshold = 780.00 Watts

upper_critical_threshold = 705.00 Watts

upper_noncritical_threshold = 625.00 Watts

lower_noncritical_threshold = N/A

lower_critical_threshold = N/A

lower_nonrecov_threshold = N/A

Commands:

cd

show

설명

구분 의미
type Power Unit
class Threshold Sensor
value Total cansumed power in watts
upper_nonrecov_threshold 100% of /SP/powermgmt available_power
upper_critical_threshold 90% of /SP/powermgmt available_power
upper_noncritical_threshold 80% of /SP/powermgmt available_power

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유닉스와 리눅스 부팅 및 런레벨

유닉스 부팅 순서

순서	부팅 과정	정의
01	Power On
02	Boot PROM	POST(Power On Self Test) - 디바이스 정보와 장치 점검 부팅장치 설정 VTOC 확인 ※ VTOC :디스크 섹터0번에 Partition Table을 확인한다. 1~15 Sertor에는 bootblk 프로그램의 위치를 가르키는 포인터가 있는데, 로더 시킨다. bootblk는 유닉스에서 쓰는 boot loder중 하나이다.
03	Boot Program	ufs boot : 커널에서 모듈을 읽을 수 있게 하는 boot 파일이다. 이 과정에서 메모리에 적재한다. genunix, unix : 두 개를 합쳐 커널을 생성하고, 메모리에 적재한다.
04	커널 초기화	/etc/system 디렉토리를 참조하여 초기화를 시킨다. ※ /etc/system 디렉토리는 커널의 파라미터와 정보값이 저장되어 있다. ufsboot를 이용한 장치 초기화 PID 0번인 sched가 로드되고, sched가 PID 1번인 init 프로세스를 메모리에 로더 시킨다.
05	init 프로세스 동작	svc.startd 에 정의되어 동작
06	svc.startd	milestone에서 해당 레벨로 부팅

리눅스 부팅 순서

순서	부팅 과정	정의
01	Power On
02	ROM BIOS	POST(Power On Self Test) - 디바이스 정보와 장치 점검 부팅장치 설정 VTOC, MBR(Master Boot Recode) 확인 ※ 디스크 섹터0번에 VTOC, MBR의 위치가 들어있다.
03	GRUB	커널의 이미지를 선택하여 메모리에 적재시킨다. GRUB의 위치는 /etc/vmlinuz버전.img 에 정의되어 있다.
04	커널 이미지 적재	‘/ ’파일시스템을 Read Only로 마운트하여 테스트 과정을 거치고 난 뒤 정상적으로 Read/Wirte 권한으로 마운트하여 장치 드라이버를 설정한다.
05	Swapper 생성	커널에 의해서 PID 0번인 Swapper 프로세스가 생성된다.
06	init 생성 및 커널부팅, 초기화	Swapper 프로세스가 PID 1번인 init 프로세스를 생성시키고, init 프로세스는 /etc/inittab 파일에 default 런레벨이 정의되어 있고 해당 런 레벨로 부팅 시 /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit 스크립트가 실행되어 커널을 초기화 시킨 다음 정상적으로 부팅 완료된다.

일반적인 OS 기본적 부팅 순서

순서	부팅 과정	정의
01	Power On
02	BIOS	PROM 안에 들어있는 POST(Power On Self Test): 하드웨어 자가 테스트 실행한다. BIOS에서 지정된 부팅장치에서 부트 프로그램을 메모리 상에 적재한다.
03	Boot Program (Boot Loader)	운영체제가 동작하기 전 반드시 동작하여야하고, 디스크 앞쪽에 반드시 있어야한다. 역할은 커널의 위치를 메모리에 적재시킨다. 대표적으로 리눅스는 GRUB, 윈도우는 NTLDR, WINLOAD이 있다.
04	Kernel 초기화	초기화를 시키고, 커널이 어떻게 동작할 것인지를 결정한다.
05	서비스 동작	해당 런레벨에 따라 어떤 서비스를 동작시킬 것인지를 결정하고 백그라운드로 동작시킨다.

유닉스 런레벨 정의

실행레벨	의미
0	시스템을 BIOS 상태로 부팅, 종료
1	single mod로 부팅되는데 모든 파일시스템을 마운트
S	중요한 파일시스템만 마운트
2	NFS를 지원하지 않는 다중 사용자 모드
3	네트워킹을 지원하는 다중 사용자 모드
4	사용자가 정의해서 쓸 수 있는 실행레벨
5	시스템 종료
6	시스템을 재부팅시키도록 정의된 실행레벨

리눅스 런레벨 정의(cat /etc/inittab)

실행레벨	의미
0	시스템 종료
1	single mod로 부팅
2	NFS를 지원하지 않는 다중 사용자 모드
3	네트워킹을 지원하는 다중 사용자 모드
4	사용자가 정의해서 쓸 수 있는 실행레벨
5	X를 실행시키기 위한 실행레벨(GUI지원)
6	시스템을 재부팅시키도록 정의된 실행레벨

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[Solaris] M10-1 처음부터 OVM 설치까지(A-Z까지)!!!

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대략적인 개념만 잡기를 바라며, 이 글을 보고 한번도 안해본 사람이 설정을 할 수는 없을것이다.

반드시 Solaris 전문 엔지니어에게 도움을 받길 바라며, 본 문은 서버 담당자 혹은 엔지니어가 대략적인 개념을 잡기 위한 글임을 밝혀 둔다.

- 목차

1. M10-1 설치
1.1 XSCF 구성
1.2 Core License 등록
1.3 OS 설치 및 EIS설치
1.4 M10-1 Domain 제어

2. OVM 3.0 구성
2.1 OVM 설치
2.2 OVM 구성
1) 컨트롤 Domain 구성
2) VM Domain 구성
3) Domain 구성 정보 저장
4) VM Domain 제어
2.3 OVM 삭제
1) VM 삭제
2) OVM Config 삭제 및 시스템 초기화
3) OVM PKG 삭제

1. M10-1 설치

1.1 xscf 구성

localhost login: default
Change the panel mode switch to Locked and press return...
Leave it in that position for at least 5 seconds. Change the panel mode switch to Service, and press return...

XSCF> adduser xscf
XSCF> password xscf
xscPassword: xscf
BAD PASSWORD: it is too short
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password: xscf
passwd: password updated successfully
XSCF> setprivileges xscf fieldeng useradm platadm

XSCF> showboards -a
PSB PPAR-ID(LSB) Assignment Pwr Conn Conf Test Fault
---- ------------ ----------- ---- ---- ---- ------- --------
00-0 00(00) Assigned n n n Unknown Normal

XSCF> shownetwork -a
bb#00-lan#0
          Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B0:99:28:A1:47:99
          BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
          Base address:0xa000

bb#00-lan#1
          Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B0:99:28:A1:47:9A
          BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
          Base address:0x2000

XSCF> setnetwork -m 255.255.255.0 bb#00-lan#0 192.168.200.1
XSCF> applynetwork
The following network settings will be applied:
bb#00 hostname   :
DNS domain name :

interface        :bb#00-lan#0
status           :up
IP address       :192.168.200.1
netmask          :255.255.255.0
route            :

interface        :bb#00-lan#1
status           :down
IP address       :
netmask          :
route            :

Continue? [y|n] :y
Please reset the all XSCFs by rebootxscf to apply the network settings.
Please confirm that the settings have been applied by executing
showhostname, shownetwork, showroute, showsscp and shownameserver after
rebooting the all XSCFs.

XSCF> settelnet -c enable
Continue? [y|n] :y

XSCF> sethttps -c selfsign kr daejeon fkl fkl fkl fkl sbwkon@kr.fujitsu.com
CA key and CA cert already exist. Do you still wish to update? [y|n] :y
Enter passphrase:Enter

XSCF> sethttps -c enable
The web serverkey or web server certificate which has been signed by an external certification authority does not exist.
Created self-signed certificate for HTTPS service.Continue? [y|n] :y

XSCF> rebootxscf -y -a
The XSCF will be reset. Continue? [y|n] :y

localhost login: xscf
Password: xscf

XSCF> showdomainstatus -p 0
Logical Domain Name Status
primary Host Stop

XSCF> showdomainconfig -p 0
PPAR-ID     :0
Booting config
(Current) :factory-default
(Next)     :factory-default
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index       :1
config_name :factory-default
domains     :1
date_created:-
XSCF> poweron -p 0
PPAR-IDs to power on :00
Continue? [y|n] :y
00 : Not powering on : Poweron canceled due to missing component.

XSCF> console -p 0
Console contents may be logged.
Connect to PPAR-ID 0?[y|n] :y

1.2 Core License 등록
menu-> setting -> Cod Activation(장비에 사용할 core 라이센스등록) -> Cod Reservation(파티션에서 사용할 Core 라이센스 등록)

1. https://192.168.1.10(xscf LAN IP)
아이디 : xscf 패스워드 : xscf

2. Cod Activation(장비에 사용할 core 라이센스등록)

menu-> setting -> Cod Activation

3. -> Cod Reservation(파티션에서 사용할 Core 라이센스 등록)

** OVM의 경우 콘트롤러 도메인에 모든 코어를 할당
** 라이센스의 경우 다른 장비의 라이센스로 활성화 및 사용가능
** M10-1의 최소 Core는 4Core이며 최대 16Core 임
**Core는 2Core 단위로 증설 가능

4. Core 확인 방법

1) OS 확인 방법
OS의 경우 thead 때문에 core당 vcpu가 2개로 인식 됨(4Core의 경우 8개의 vcpu로 인식 됨)
[test:/fkl]ldm ls
NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME
primary active -n-c-- UART 8 30976M 0.1% 1h 56m

[test:/fkl]prtdiag -v | more
System Configuration: Oracle Corporation sun4v SPARC M10-1
================================ 가상 CPU ================================
CPU ID Frequency Implementation         Status
------ --------- ---------------------- -------
0      2800 MHz SPARC64-X              on-line
1      2800 MHz SPARC64-X              on-line
2      2800 MHz SPARC64-X              on-line
3      2800 MHz SPARC64-X              on-line
4      2800 MHz SPARC64-X              on-line
5      2800 MHz SPARC64-X              on-line
6      2800 MHz SPARC64-X              on-line
7      2800 MHz SPARC64-X              on-line

2) XSCF 확인 방법
XSCF> showhardconf -M         ================>> 장비 전체 Core는 확인 가능하지만 활성화된 Core는 확인 불가
SPARC M10-1;
    + Serial시리얼넘버 삭제; Operator_Panel_Switch:Service;
    + System_Power:On; System_Phase:Cabinet Power On;
    Partition#0 PPAR_Status:Running;
    MBU Status:Normal; Ver:2070h; Serial:TZ1342B00H ;
        + FRU-Part-Number:CA07363-D001 A1   /7060744              ;
        + Power_Supply_System: ;
        + Memory_Size:32 GB;
        CPU#0 Status:Normal; Ver:4142h; Serial:00520796;
            + Freq:2.800 GHz; Type:0x10;
            + Core:16; Strand:2;
        MEM#00A Status:Normal;
            + Code:2c800f18KSF1G72PZ-1G6E2 4532-E2AFA9D4;
            + Type:04; Size:8 GB;
        MEM#01A Status:Normal;
            + Code:2c800f18KSF1G72PZ-1G6E2 4532-E2AFA9C1;
            + Type:04; Size:8 GB;
        MEM#02A Status:Normal;
            + Code:2c800f18KSF1G72PZ-1G6E2 4532-E2AFAB3C;
            + Type:04; Size:8 GB;
        MEM#03A Status:Normal;
            + Code:2c800f18KSF1G72PZ-1G6E2 4532-E2AFAB3F;
            + Type:04; Size:8 GB;
    PCI#0 Name_Property:network;
        + Vendor-ID:8086; Device-ID:1521;
        + Subsystem_Vendor-ID:108e; Subsystem-ID:7b18;
        + Model:SUNW,pcie-igb;
    PCI#2 Name_Property:network;
        + Vendor-ID:8086; Device-ID:1521;
        + Subsystem_Vendor-ID:108e; Subsystem-ID:7b18;
        + Model:SUNW,pcie-igb;
    OPNL Status:Normal; Ver:0101h; Serial:TZ1337F04H ;
        + FRU-Part-Number:CA07363-D101 A0   /7060786              ;
    PSUBP Status:Normal; Ver:0101h; Serial:TZ1334P02Q ;
        + FRU-Part-Number:CA20366-B15X 001AA/7065594              ;
    PSU#0 Status:Normal; Ver:533246h; Serial:FJPD1323001754;
        + FRU-Part-Number:CA01022-0750-M/7060781    ;
        + Power_Status:ON; AC:200 V;
    PSU#1 Status:Normal; Ver:533246h; Serial:FJPD1333003597;
        + FRU-Part-Number:CA01022-0750-M/7060781    ;
        + Power_Status:ON; AC:200 V;
    FANU#0 Status:Normal;
    FANU#1 Status:Normal;
    FANU#2 Status:Normal;
    FANU#3 Status:Normal;
    FANU#4 Status:Normal;
    FANU#5 Status:Normal;
    FANU#6 Status:Normal;

XSCF> showcodactivation
Index   Description Count
------- ----------- ------
      0 PROC            2
      1 PROC            2 ================>> 4개의 Core 확인

XSCF> showcodactivationhistory
11/28/2013 08:53:51AM UTC: Report Generated M10-1 SN: 시리얼넘버 삭제
11/25/2013 04:21:17AM UTC: Activation history initialized: PROC 4 cores
11/28/2013 08:53:51AM UTC: Summary: PROC 4 cores         ================>> 4개의 Core 확인
Signature: 시그니쳐 삭제

1.3 컨트롤 도메인 OS 설치 및 EIS 설치

** M10-1의 경우 전면 부 앞에 있는 USB에 외장 CD-rom및 usb cdrom 인식가능
** OS 설치 후 디스크 WWN에 따라 format에 디스크 번호가 나열되기 때문에 Slot0번 디스크만 인식 후에 설치를 권장 함.
** Solaris10 U11의 경우 버그로 인해 설치 미디어를 CD-ROM으로 반드시 지정해야 함 선택 후 되 되돌아 오기 불가
** Solaris10 U11의 경우 인터널 디스크에 OS 설치 시 비 iscsi Disk로 선택
1. 처음 설치 시 OS에 Freeinstall이 되어있기 때문에 send break 명령어를 통해 OK 프롬프트로 변경
XSCF> sendbreak -p 0
Send break signal to PPAR-ID 0?[y|n] :y
2. EIS 설치 방법
[test:/fkl]lofiadm -a /fkl/ EIS-DVD-ONE-04SEP13.iso
/dev/lofi/1
[test:/fkl]mount -F hsfs /dev/lofi/1 /mnt
[test:/mnt/sun/install]./setup-standard.sh
Is the power saving daemon to be disabled? [y/n]: y
Sun keyboard Power button to be disabled? [y/n]: y
Are the buttons & dials to be disabled? [y/n]: y
Are remote root logins via SSH to be allowed? [y/n]: y
Is the existing IPMITOOL to be replaced by version 1.8.10.4? [y/n]: y
충돌하는 파일을 설치하겠습니까? [y,n,?,q] y
Should Explorer create /opt/SUNWexplo/output (y/n)?
[y]:
Company name
[]: axa
Contract Identifier
[]:
System (test, 90070836) serial number
[PZ31346010]:
Contact name
[]:
Contact email address
[]:
Phone number
[]:
Address (line 1)
[]:
Address (line 2)
[]:
City
[]:
State
[]:
Zip
[]:
Select your geography from this list:
    1) AMERICAS
    2) EMEA
    3) APAC
[AMERICAS] 3
APAC
Two-character country code or '?' for a list of countries
[]: kr
(SFT) listener
[]: yes
When a proxy server is not needed, enter a single '-'.
[]: -

If you would like to be notified by email when your explorer output is uploaded
into the repository, enter the email address here. When notification is not
needed, enter a single '-'.
[]: -
Are these values okay (y/n)?
[]: y
Do you wish to schedule explorer in cron (y/n)?
[]: n
[test:/]. ./.profile-EIS
root@test # cd /mnt
root@test # cd sun
root@test # ls
docs     install patch    progs    tools
root@test # cd /mnt/sun/patch/10
root@test # unpack-patches /fkl/20131127/
Are you ready to unpack patches into /fkl/20131127//10? [y/n]: y
root@test # cd /fkl/20131127/10
root@test # install_all_patches
Are you ready to continue with install? [y/n]: y
root@test # reboot

1.4 M10-1 Domain 제어

1. Domain 상태 확인
XSCF> showdomainstatus -p 0
Logical Domain Name   Status
primary               Solaris running
2.도메인 설정 확인
XSCF> showdomainconfig -p 0          ================>> OVM 구성시 도메인 설정이 xscf에 등록 됨
PPAR-ID     :0
Booting config
(Current) :factory-default
(Next)     :factory-default
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index       :1
config_name :factory-default
domains     :1
date_created:-

3.도메인 전원 on/off
1) 전원 ON
XSCF> poweron -p 0
PPAR-IDs to power on :00
Continue? [y|n] :y
XSCF> poweron -a
PPAR-IDs to power on :00
Continue? [y|n] :

4)전원 off
XSCF> poweroff -p 0
PPAR-IDs to power on :00
Continue? [y|n] :y
XSCF> poweroff -a
PPAR-IDs to power on :00
Continue? [y|n] :y

4. 도메인 접속
XSCF> console -p 0
Console contents may be logged.
Connect to PPAR-ID 0?[y|n] :y
console already used by other user.
XSCF> console -f -p 0
Console contents may be logged.
Connect to PPAR-ID 0?[y|n] :y
test console login:

5.도메인 접속 종료
OS에서 #.(키보드 키(#) 키(.)을 동시에 입력하면 됨

2. OVM 3.0 구성
2.1 OVM 설치

1. OVM3.0 설치
[test:/]pkginfo |grep SUNWldm*
system SUNWldomr Solaris Logical Domains (Root)
system SUNWldomu Solaris Logical Domains (Usr)

[test:/fkl/install]unzip p15880570_30_SOLARIS64.zip
[test:/fkl/install/OVM_Server_SPARC-3_0/Install]./install-ldm
y) Yes, launch the Configuration Assistant after install
n) No thanks, I will configure the system manually later

Enter y or n [y]: n                  =========================>> 패키지 설치 후 OVM을 수동 구성하려면 n

2. OVM 패치 설치
[test:/fkl/install]unzip 150011-03.zip
[test:/fkl/install]patchadd 150011-03

3. 설치 확인
[test:/fkl/install/OVM_Server_SPARC-3_0/Install]pkginfo |grep SUNWldm* ==========>> 설치된 PKG 확인
application SUNWldm                          LDoms Manager software ===========>> OVM PKG
application SUNWldmp2v                       LDoms P2V too           l===========>> OVM PKG
system      SUNWldomr                        Solaris Logical Domains (Root)
system      SUNWldomu                        Solaris Logical Domains (Usr)

/[test:/fkl/install/OVM_Server_SPARC-3_0/Install]ldm ls        ========================>> OVM 데몬 확인
NAME             STATE      FLAGS   CONS    VCPU MEMORY   UTIL UPTIME
primary             active     -n-c--    UART     8     30976M   0.3% 22m

**4Core이기 때문에 Vcpu가 8개로 확인되며 Guest 도메인을 생성하기 전이기 때문에 모든 자원이 컨트롤 도메인 시스템에 할당 됨

2.2 OVM 구성
1) 컨트롤 Domain 구성

<인터널 디스크 확인>
[test:/]diskinfo -a =========================>> SAS 디스크의 경우 WWN 넘버에 의해 format에서 디스크 넘버가 결정 됨으로 diskinfo 명령어를 통한 H/W Slot 넘버를 확인
Enclosure path:         PZ31346010-physical-hba-0
Chassis Serial Number: PZ31346010-physical-hba-0
Chassis Model:          ORCL,SPARC64-X
Enclosure path:         /dev/es/ses0
Chassis Serial Number: 500000e0e04a787f
Chassis Model:          FUJITSU-NBBEXP

Label      Disk name               Vendor   Product          Vers
---------- ---------------------- -------- ---------------- ----
HDD_0      c0t500003950818606Ed0   TOSHIBA MBF2600RC        3706
HDD_1      c0t50000395081860EAd0   TOSHIBA MBF2600RC        3706
[test:/]
[test:/fkl/script]sh -x 0.primary.sh   ================>> 구성 정보의 보존을 위해 스크립트 파일을 서버에 보존 함
"0.primary.sh" 80 행, 4999 문자
#!/bin/sh
# 제어도메인 구축 스크립트

# 디스크 볼륨 참고
#c21t60080E500037DAC2000004DC51B7E911d0   <--- primary1 용 277.99GB (sl-search)
#c21t60080E500037D9260000050551B7EA94d0   <--- primary1 용 277.99GB (sl-intweb)
#c21t60080E500037DAC2000004DF51B7EAB7d0   <--- primary1 용 277.99GB (sl-intwas)
#c21t60080E500037D9260000050851B7EAB8d0   <--- primary1 용 277.99GB (sl-extwas)
#c21t60080E500037DAC2000004E151B7EABDd0   <--- primary1 용 277.99GB (sl-db)
#

CONFIG=config_initial     # 시스템콘트롤러에 보존하는 구성명
VCPU=4                   # 제어도메인에 할당하는 가상 CPU수 (Threads), 최소 2Core 이상(4CPU)
MAU=0                     # 제어도메인에 할당하는 암호화유닛수
MEM=8192M                 # 제어도메인에 할당하는 메모리 (K:KB,M:MB,G:GB), 최소 4GB 이상

ldm start-reconf primary
ldm set-mau $MAU primary
ldm set-vcpu $VCPU primary
ldm set-memory $MEM primary

# IO Domain용 IO제거 작업 (ldm list-io 명령어로 확인)
#ldm remove-io pci@500/pci@1/pci@0/pci@6 primary # HBA(PCI#7) <-- 슬롯별 제거
#ldm remove-io pci@500/pci@1/pci@0/pci@5 primary # OnBoard NIC (igb2,3) <-- 슬롯별 제거
#ldm remove-io PCIE2 primary                      # Remove (PCIE2) , sl-db1 에서 사용

# 가상디스크서버를 정의합니다.
ldm add-vdiskserver primary-vds0 primary

# 가상디스크서비스에 OS의 iso이미지(OS CD)를 read only 로 추가합니다.
ldm add-vdiskserverdevice options=ro /Ldoms/ISO/Sol10U11.iso ldom1_cdvol0@primary-vds0 # sl-search CD-ROM ()
ldm add-vdiskserverdevice options=ro /Ldoms/ISO/Sol10U11.iso ldom2_cdvol0@primary-vds0 # sl-intweb CD-ROM ()
ldm add-vdiskserverdevice options=ro /Ldoms/ISO/Sol10U11.iso ldom3_cdvol0@primary-vds0 # sl-intwas CD-ROM ()
ldm add-vdiskserverdevice options=ro /Ldoms/ISO/Sol10U11.iso ldom4_cdvol0@primary-vds0 # sl-extwas CD-ROM ()
ldm add-vdiskserverdevice options=ro /Ldoms/ISO/Sol10U11.iso ldom5_cdvol0@primary-vds0 # sl-db CD-ROM ()

# 가상디스크서버디바이스를 정의하고 실체를 지정합니다. (Guest Domain에서 사용할 Disk 정의)
ldm add-vdiskserverdevice /dev/dsk/c21t60080E500037DAC2000004DC51B7E911d0s2 ldom1_vol0@primary-vds0 # sl-search OS Disk ()
ldm add-vdiskserverdevice /dev/dsk/c21t60080E500037D9260000050551B7EA94d0s2 ldom2_vol0@primary-vds0 # sl-intweb OS Disk ()
ldm add-vdiskserverdevice /dev/dsk/c21t60080E500037DAC2000004DF51B7EAB7d0s2 ldom3_vol0@primary-vds0 # sl-intwas OS Disk ()
ldm add-vdiskserverdevice /dev/dsk/c21t60080E500037D9260000050851B7EAB8d0s2 ldom4_vol0@primary-vds0 # sl-extwas OS Disk ()
ldm add-vdiskserverdevice /dev/dsk/c21t60080E500037DAC2000004E151B7EABDd0s2 ldom5_vol0@primary-vds0 # sl-db OS Disk ()
##### DX8700S2 ##########
#ldm add-vdiskserverdevice /dev/dsk/c21t600000E00D1000000010314400000000d0s2 ldom1_vol1@primary-vds0 # sl-serch irs Disk ()
#ldm add-vdiskserverdevice /dev/dsk/c21t600000E00D1000000010314400010000d0s2 ldom1_vol2@primary-vds0 # sl-serch irs Disk ()
"0.primary.sh" 80 행, 4999 문자
#ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb9 primary-vsw9 primary # direct I/O (sl-db1)
#ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb10 primary-vsw10 primary # sl-search NIC#1 (192.168.2.x)
#ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb11 primary-vsw11 primary # sl-intweb NIC#1 (192.168.2.x)
#ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb12 primary-vsw12 primary # sl-extwas NIC#0 (192.168.2.x)
#ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb13 primary-vsw13 primary # ldom1 NIC (192.168.2.x)
ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb14 primary-vsw14 primary # sl-extwas NIC#1 (192.168.2.x)
#ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb15 primary-vsw15 primary # ldom1 NIC (192.168.2.x)
#ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb16 primary-vsw16 primary # sl-intwas NIC#0 (192.168.2.x)
#ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb17 primary-vsw17 primary # ldom1 NIC (192.168.2.x)
#ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb18 primary-vsw18 primary # sl-intwas NIC#1 (192.168.2.x)
#ldm add-vswitch net-dev=igb19 primary-vsw19 primary # ldom1 NIC (192.168.2.x)

# 가상콘솔단말집배신장치서비스와 할당하는 포트의 범위를 지정합니다.
ldm add-vconscon port-range=5000-5100 primary-vcc0 primary

# 구성을 시스템콘트롤러에 보존합니다.
eeprom auto-boot\?=false
ldm add-spconfig $CONFIG
#ldm add-spconfig -r $CONFIG
# 본 스크립트 실행 후는 전원절단, 재투입 또는 리셋이 필요합니다.

ldm list-constraints -x > /Ldoms/Domains/alldomains.xml.`date +%y%m%d%H%M%S`
**스크립트 실행 후 리부팅 필요

2) 스크립트 실행 후 구성 정보 확인

<컨트롤러 도메인 변경 전 구성 정보>
[test:/]ldm ls
NAME             STATE      FLAGS   CONS    VCPU MEMORY   UTIL UPTIME
primary            active        -n-c-- UART     8      30976M   0.1% 28m
** 모든 CPU 및 메모리가 Primary Domain에 할당 되어 있음을 확인할 수 있음
[test:/]ldm ls-devices
CORE
     ID      %FREE   CPUSET
     16      100    (32, 33)
     20      100    (40, 41)
     24      100    (48, 49)
     28      100    (56, 57)
     32      100    (64, 65)
     36      100    (72, 73)
     40      100    (80, 81)
     44      100    (88, 89)
     48      100    (96, 97)
     52      100    (104, 105)
     56      100    (112, 113)
     60      100    (120, 121)

VCPU
     PID     %FREE
     32      100
     33      100
     40      100
     41      100
     48      100
     49      100
     56      100
     57      100
     64      100
     65      100
     72      100
     73      100
     80      100
     81      100
     88      100
     89      100
     96      100
     97      100
     104     100
     105     100
     112     100
     113     100
     120     100
     121     100

MEMORY
     PA                   SIZE
     0x7e0060800000       248M ===============>> VM에 할당 가능한 메모리
[test:/]ldm list-config
factory-default[Current]

<컨트롤러 도메인 구성 변경 후 정보>
[test:/]ldm ls
NAME             STATE      FLAGS   CONS    VCPU MEMORY   UTIL UPTIME
primary          active     -n-cv- UART    4     4G       0.3% 9m
[test:/]ldm ls-devices
CORE
     ID      %FREE   CPUSET
     8       100    (16, 17)
     12      100    (24, 25)
     16      100    (32, 33)
     20      100    (40, 41)
     24      100    (48, 49)
     28      100    (56, 57)
     32      100    (64, 65)
     36      100    (72, 73)
     40      100    (80, 81)
     44      100    (88, 89)
     48      100    (96, 97)
     52      100    (104, 105)
     56      100    (112, 113)
     60      100    (120, 121)

VCPU
     PID     %FREE
     16      100
     17      100
     24      100
     25      100
     32      100
     33      100
     40      100
     41      100
     48      100
     49      100
     56      100
     57      100
     64      100
     65      100
     72      100
     73      100
     80      100
     81      100
     88      100
     89      100
     96      100
     97      100
     104     100
     105     100
     112     100
     113     100
     120     100
     121     100

MEMORY
     PA                   SIZE
     0x7e0160800000       27128M        ==================>> 4G를 제외한 메모리를 VM으로 할당 가능

[test:/]ldm list-config
factory-default
config_initial [current]
[test:/]ls /Ldoms/Domains/*
/Ldoms/Domains/alldomains.xml.131204094917
[test:/]

2.2 OVM 구성
2) VM Domain 구성

1. VM 도메인 설정

[test:/fkl/script]sh -x 1.ldom1.sh ================>> 구성 정보의 보존을 위해 스크립트 파일을 서버에 보존 함
"1.ldom1.sh" 42 행, 1465 문자
#!/bin/sh
# 게스트 도메인 구축 스크립트

DOMAIN=test-vm # 도메인명
VCPU=4            # 도메인에 할당하는 가상 CPU 수 (Threads)
MAU=0              # 도메인에 할당하는 암호화 유닛수
MEM=24G            # 도메인에 할당하는 메모리(K:KB,M:MB,G:GB)

VNET0=primary-vsw3
VNET1=primary-vsw7
VDISK0=ldom1_vol0@primary-vds0
VISO=ldom1_cdvol0@primary-vds0
VCONS="port=5001"

ldm add-domain $DOMAIN
ldm set-mau $MAU $DOMAIN
ldm add-vcpu $VCPU $DOMAIN
ldm add-memory $MEM $DOMAIN
ldm add-vnet linkprop=phys-state vnet0 $VNET0 $DOMAIN
ldm add-vnet linkprop=phys-state vnet1 $VNET1 $DOMAIN
ldm add-vdisk timeout=10 vdisk0 $VDISK0 $DOMAIN
ldm add-vdisk cdvol $VISO $DOMAIN
ldm set-vcons $VCONS $DOMAIN

# 네트워크인스톨을 위해 도메인기동시에 자동디스크부트하지 않도록 지정합니다.
ldm set-variable auto-boot\?=false $DOMAIN
#ldm set-variable boot-device=vdisk0 $DOMAIN

# 이하를 실행하면 도메인은 기동상태(active)로 됩니다.
ldm bind-domain $DOMAIN
ldm start-domain $DOMAIN

# 이하를 실행하면 도메인의 구성정보를 보존합니다.
# 보존한 구성정보는 이하의 커맨드의 입력으로써 이용할 수 있습니다.
# ldm add-domain -i
ldm list-constraints -x $DOMAIN > /Ldoms/Domains/$DOMAIN.xml
cp /Ldoms/Domains/$DOMAIN.xml /Ldoms/Domains/$DOMAIN.xml.`date +%y%m%d%H%M%S`

# 이하를 실행하면 도메인의 가상네트워크의 Ethernet address 를 출력합니다.
# ok 프롬프트에서 표시되는 Ethernet address 는 가상네트워크디바이스의 어드레스가 아닙니다.
ldm ls -e $DOMAIN|grep vnet|cut -d@ -f3|xargs -L 1 echo vnet
#reboot    ========================================>> 리부팅 이후 설정이 적용 됨

<적용된 구성 정보를 확인>
[test:/fkl/script]ldm ls
NAME             STATE      FLAGS   CONS    VCPU MEMORY   UTIL UPTIME
primary          active     -n-cv- UART    4     4G       0.1% 18m
test-vm          active     -t---- 5001    4     24G       25% 11s
[test:/fkl/script]ldm ls-devices
CORE
     ID      %FREE   CPUSET
     16      100    (32, 33)
     20      100    (40, 41)
     24      100    (48, 49)
     28      100    (56, 57)
     32      100    (64, 65)
     36      100    (72, 73)
     40      100    (80, 81)
     44      100    (88, 89)
     48      100    (96, 97)
     52      100    (104, 105)
     56      100    (112, 113)
     60      100    (120, 121)

VCPU
     PID     %FREE
     32      100
     33      100
     40      100
     41      100
     48      100
     49      100
     56      100
     57      100
     64      100
     65      100
     72      100
     73      100
     80      100
     81      100
     88      100
     89      100
     96      100
     97      100
     104     100
     105     100
     112     100
     113     100
     120     100
     121     100

MEMORY
     PA                   SIZE
     0x7e0760800000       2552M          =============>> VM 도메인 설정 적용 후 가용 메모리가 줄어든 것을 확인

[test:/fkl/script]ldm list-config
factory-default
config_initial [next poweron]                  ============>> 리부팅 후 설정 적용 가능
[test:/fkl/script]sync
[test:/fkl/script]cd /Ldoms/Domains/
[test:/Ldoms/Domains]ls
alldomains.xml.131204094917 test-vm.xml                  test-vm.xml.131204100752
[test:/Ldoms/Domains]

2.2 OVM 구성
3) Domain 구성 정보 저장

1. OVM 구성 완료 후 구성에 이상이 없을 경우 현재 설정을 저장 함(이 경우 OS 및 xscf에서 동시에 설정 확인 가능)
<구성 완료 후 설정 정보 확인>
[test:/]ldm list-config
factory-default
config_initial [next poweron]
XSCF> showdomainconfig -p 0
PPAR-ID     :0
Booting config
(Current) :config_initial
(Next)     :config_initial
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index       :1
config_name :factory-default
domains     :1
date_created:-
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index       :2
config_name :config_initial
domains     :1
date_created:'2013-12-04 00:48:02'

2. 현재의 OVM 설정을 저장 함
[test:/]ldm add-config 20131204            ==============>> 설정명 '20131204'로 OVM 설정을 저장
[test:/]ldm list-config
factory-default
config_initial
20131204 [current]
[test:/]

XSCF> showdomainconfig -p 0
PPAR-ID     :0
Booting config
(Current) :20131204
(Next)     :20131204
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index       :1
config_name :factory-default
domains     :1
date_created:-
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index       :2
config_name :config_initial
domains     :1
date_created:'2013-12-04 00:48:02'
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index       :3
config_name :20131204
domains     :2
date_created:'2013-12-04 02:19:18'

2.2 OVM 구성
4) VM Domain 제어

1. VM 기동 상태 확인
[test:/]ldm ls
NAME             STATE      FLAGS   CONS    VCPU MEMORY   UTIL UPTIME
primary          active     -n-cv- UART    4     4G       0.1% 1h 8m
test-vm          active     -t---- 5001    4     24G       25% 7m

2. VM 기동
[test:/]ldm start -a        ================>> 모든 VM 기동
LDom test-vm started
[test:/]ldm start test-vm   ================>> 특정 VM 기동
LDom test-vm started
[test:/]

3. VM 종료
[test:/]ldm stop -a           ================>> 모든 VM 기동
Remote graceful shutdown or reboot capability is not available on test-vm
LDom test-vm stopped
[test:/]ldm stop test-vm     ================>> 모든 VM 기동
Remote graceful shutdown or reboot capability is not available on test-vm
LDom test-vm stopped

4. VM 콘솔 데몬 기동
[test:/]svcs -a |grep vntsd
disabled       10:14:55 svc:/ldoms/vntsd:default
[test:/]svcadm enable vntsd
[test:/]svcs -a |grep vntsd
online         11:27:45 svc:/ldoms/vntsd:default
[test:/]svcadm restart vntsd                    ================>> 콘솔 접속에 LOCK이 걸릴 경우 데몬 재기동

5. VM 데몬 접속 및 종료
<접속>
[test:/]telnet 0 5001           ================>> VM에 설정 된 VM Port컨트롤러 도메인에서 telnet 접속 가능
Trying 0.0.0.0...
Connected to 0.
Escape character is '^]'.

Connecting to console "test-vm" in group "test-vm" ....
Press ~? for control options ..

{0} ok

<종료>
[test-vm]~. ================>> VM에 접속 종료 시 (~) + (.) 를 입력 함

<기타 옵션>
~# --Send break
~^B --Send alternate break
~. --Exit from this console
~w --Force write access
~n --Console next
~p --Console previous
~? --Help

2.3 OVM 삭제
1) VM 삭제

<현재 OVM 구성 정보 및 Domain정보 확인>
[test:/]ldm list-config
factory-default
config_initial
20131204 [current]
[test:/]ldm ls
NAME             STATE      FLAGS   CONS    VCPU MEMORY   UTIL UPTIME
primary          active     -n-cv- UART    4     4G       0.2% 4m
test-vm          bound      ------ 5001    4     24G
[test:/]

<VM 제거>
[test:/]ldm stop -a
[test:/]ldm stop -a
NAME             STATE      FLAGS   CONS    VCPU MEMORY   UTIL UPTIME
primary          active     -n-cv- UART    4     4G       0.2% 4m
test-vm          bound      ------ 5001    4     24G
[test:/]ldm unbind test-vm or ldm unbind -a                        ==============>> vm에 할장된 모든 자원을 제거
[test:/]ldm ls
NAME             STATE      FLAGS   CONS    VCPU MEMORY   UTIL UPTIME
primary          active     -n-cv- UART    4     4G       1.6% 8m
test-vm          inactive   ------          4     24G
[test:/]ldm destroy test-vm                                 ==============>> vm을 제거
[test:/]ldm ls
NAME             STATE      FLAGS   CONS    VCPU MEMORY   UTIL UPTIME
primary          active     -n-cv- UART    4     4G       0.1% 9m

2.3 OVM 삭제
1) OVM Config 삭제 및 시스템 초기화

<현재 OVM 구성 확인 및 OVM 구성 정보 제거>
[test:/]ldm list-config
factory-default
config_initial
20131204 [next poweron]
[test:/]ldm rm-config 20131204              ==========================>> 구성 정보를 제거
[test:/]ldm list-config
factory-default
config_initial
[test:/]ldm rm-config config_initial
[test:/]ldm ls
NAME             STATE      FLAGS   CONS    VCPU MEMORY   UTIL UPTIME
primary          active     -n-cv- UART    4     4G       0.1% 6m
[test:/]ldm list-config
factory-default
<XSCF 에서도 구성 정보가 지워진 것을 확인>
XSCF> showdomainconfig -p 0
PPAR-ID     :0
Booting config
(Current) :20131204
(Next)     :20131204
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index       :1
config_name :factory-default
domains     :1
date_created:-
XSCF>

<시스템을 출하시 상태로 변경>
[test:/]ldm set-config factory-default                =============>> 설정 적용을 위해서는 system이 poweroff 되어야 함
[test:/]ldm list-config
factory-default [next poweron]
[test:/]svcadm disable ldmd
[test:/]svcadm disable vntsd
[test:/]shutdown -y -g0 -i6
XSCF> showdomainconfig -p 0
PPAR-ID     :0
Booting config
(Current) :factory-default
(Next)     :factory-default
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Index       :1
config_name :factory-default
domains     :1
date_created:-

2.3 OVM 삭제
2) OVM PKG 삭제

<현재 OVM PKG 확인>
[test:/]pkginfo |grep SUNWldm*
application SUNWldm                          LDoms Manager software      ========>> OVM PKG
application SUNWldmp2v                       LDoms P2V tool              ========>> OVM PKG
system      SUNWldomr                        Solaris Logical Domains (Root)
system      SUNWldomu                        Solaris Logical Domains (Usr)
[test:/]
[test:/]pkgrm SUNWldm
[test:/]pkgrm SUNWldmp2v
[test:/]pkginfo |grep SUNWldm*
system      SUNWldomr                        Solaris Logical Domains (Root)
system      SUNWldomu                        Solaris Logical Domains (Usr)
[test:/]
[test:/]
[test:/]reboot

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[Solaris] Solaris package 관리하기!!

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Solaris 에서도 패키지를 다운 받아서 설치할 수 있다.

예전 SUN에서 서비스할 때에는 거의 대부분 무료로 받을 수 있었는데, Oracle로 넘어오고 나서부터

MOS(My Oracle support)에 계약건이 없으면 다운 안되는걸로 알고 있다.

아마 유지보수 업체에서는 MOS 계정을 갖고 있을테니, 필요한 패키지가 있으면 구해달라고 한 뒤 설치하면 된다!!

1. 소프트웨어 패키지란 ?
기존의 소스 코드를 미리 컴파일 하여 쉽게 배포할 수 있도록 해주는 것이 패키지이다.

2. 패키지 기본 관리 명령

[t5120.:/]pkgtrans file
Package type format(데이터 스트림<->파일시스템 포맷)을 변경할 때 사용한다.

[t5120.:/]pkgadd –option package_name
-d : package file의 경로를 명시
-a : 파일의 경로를 명시하면, pkgadd 명령이 소프트웨어 패키지를 설치할 때 필요한 정보를 해당 파일에서 참조한다. -a 옵션을 사용하지 않으면 /var/sadm/install/admin/default 파일이 기본으로 사용된다.
(ex. 설정내용 중 basedir=default 내용을 수정하면 설치위치를 달리하여 패키지 다른 버전을 설치할 수 있다.)
ex) # pkgadd -d /sunfree/gcc-3.4.6-sol10-sparc-local

[t5120.:/]pkgrm –option package_name
-a : 파일의 경로를 명시하면, pkgrm 명령이 소프트웨어 패키지를 제거할 때 필요한 정보를 해당 파일에서 참조한다. -a 옵션을 사용하지 않으면 /var/sadm/install/admin/default 파일이 기본으로 사용된다.

[t5120.:/]pkginfo –option { package_name }
-l : Long List Information으로 보다 자세한 정보를 출력
-d package_path : package 정보를 확인하여 시스템에 설치되지 않은 패키지 정보를 출력

[t5120.:/]pkgchk –option { package_name }
-l : 소프트웨어 패키지가 설치될 당시의 상태와 현재의 상태를 비교해서 그 차이점이나 사용 내용을 자세히 출력한다. 개인적으로는 –l 옵션 안쓰는게 더 직관적으로 출력되는듯…
-v : pkgchk 명령을 이용해서 해당 패키지를 검사할 때 비교 대상이 되는 디렉토리 혹은 파일의 리스트를 출력
-p path : 비교 대상을 path로 지정하여 체크

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[Solaris] Solaris10 서비스(SMF) 관리하기!

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Solaris 10부터 SMF 라는 개념이 생겼는데, 쉽게 말하면 서비스를 관리하는 데몬? 정도 이다..

Linux 에서는 전통적으로 "service sshd restart" 등 service 라는 명령어가 있듯이 Solaris 에서는 본 문과 같이 서비스를 관리한다.

1. SMF(Solaris Management Facility) 란?

Solaris 10에서는 SMF로 시작 스크립트를 대신하고 체계적인 관리(서비스 비정상 종료시 재시작 등) 및 시스템 구동에서 스크립트에 알 수 없는 오류 발생하였을 때

가시적으로 쉽게 감지하기 위해 만들어진 서비스이다. Solaris 10은 9과 달리 SMF를 통해 서비스가 관리되기 때문에 /etc/init.d에 시작 스크립트가 거의 없다.

하지만 일부 9의 업데이트 버전에 따라 지원할 수도 있다.

즉 윈도우 OS의 제어판 > 관리도구 > 서비스 툴과 비슷한 기능을 수행한다.

2. SMF(Solaris Management Facility) 동작 여부 확인

[t5120:/]ps -ef | grep svc
root     7     1   0 02:04:49 ?        0:10 /lib/svc/bin/svc.startd -> 요청에 따라 시작과 중지를 담당
root     9     1   0 02:04:49 ?        0:33 /lib/svc/bin/svc.configd -> 요청에 따라 저장소에 접근
root   255     1   0 02:05:06 ?           0:00 /lib/svc/method/iscsi-initiator

[t5120:/]regadm status
Solaris Auto-Registration is currently { online | enable }

ㆍ만약 # regadm status 명령 시 offline 혹은 disable 일 때 조치 방법
[t5120:/]regadm enable ----> 여러 번 해줘야 online으로 바뀐다.

3. SMF 관리

svcs : 등록되어 있는 서비스의 목록과 상태를 보여주는 명령
--> [t5120:/]svcs –option { 특정 FMRI }

svcadm : 등록되어 있는 서비스를 시작, 정지, 재기동 하는 명령
--> [t5120:/]svcadm –option state { 특정 FMRI }

svccfg : 서비스의 등록, 수정, 삭제를 하는 명령
--> [t5120:/]svccfg { import(입력) | export(출력) | modify(수정) | delete(삭제) } 설정파일.xml

inetadm : inetdconf를 대신하여 inet 관련(네트워크) 서비스들을 제어한다.
--> [t5120:/]inetadm –option { 특정 FMRI }

FMRI(Fault Management Resource Identifier)
ㆍSMF에 등록된 서비스의 고유 키를 말한다. 이 키는 svcs, svccfg, svcadm 명령에 의해 사용된다. 현재 시스템에 등록된 FMRI는 svcs –a 명령을 통해 전부 확인할 수 있다.
ㆍFMRI는 [스키마:서비스명:인스턴트명] 형식으로 이뤄진다.
ㆍ인스턴스명이 default인 경우 보통 생략된다.
legacy_run      0:17:37 lrc:/etc/rc2_d/S10lu
disabled        0:17:34 svc:/network/time:stream
㉠             ㉡   ㉢        ㉣      ㉤

㉠ : 해당 서비스의 state
㉡ : start time
㉢ : SMF에 관리되는 서비스는 svc로 표기되고, lrc는 legacy process란 뜻
㉣ : svc 경우는 서비스 인스턴스를 의미하고,
legacy의 경우 스크립트를 관리하는 디렉토리와 서비스 이름을 뜻함.
㉤ : 서비스 명(legacy는 없다)

설정에 문제가 있거나, 특성 서비스가 실행이 안되면 로그는 /var/svc/log에 기록된다.

4. SMF 명령 이용 방법

ㆍsvcs 명령을 통해 서비스의 목록과 상태를 확인할 수 있다.
[t5120:/]svcs –option { 특정 FMRI }

options 설명
-a status에 상관없이 전체 서비스 보기, 생략 시 enable만 출력한다.
-x status가 enable이지 않을 것들만 출력
-v verbose(자세히 보기)
-l FMRI 특정 FMRI(서비스)의 모든 정보 보기(-v 옵션 보다 강력함)
-d FMRI 특정 FMRI(서비스)가 의존하고 있는 모든 서비스 보기
Lists a services dependencies
-D FMRI 특정 FMRI(서비스)가 실행한 데몬 및 자식 프로세스 서비스 보기(FMRI를 의존하고 있는 서비스 보기)
Lists a services dependents
-p 모든 서비스에 관련된 PID를 출력

ㆍsvcs 명령에서 출력된 STATE(상태 값) 정의

state 설명
Uninitialized 모든 인스턴스가 초기화되지 않은 상태를 의미, 해당 서비스의 구성 정보가 아직 로드되지 않았으며, 아직 구동되지 않는 상태를 의미한다. SMF 데몬에 의해 disable, offline으로 변경될 수 있다.
Offline 해당 인스턴스는 활성화 되었지만 구동되지 않은 상태를 의미, 인스턴스가 시작 메소드 동앙네 발생한 에러 또는 의존성 문제로 발생된 상태를 나타낸다.
Online 해당 서비스가 활성화되어 있으며, 정상적으로 구동 중인 상태
Disabled 해당 서비스가 관리자에 의해 disable 되었거나, 해당 서비스 인스턴스의 설정 파일에 의해 disabled로 표시된 경우. 서비스가 구동되지 않았고, 비활성화된 상태
Degraded 서비스는 활성화되었지만, 일부 실패로 인해 제한적으로 구동되는 상태, 거의 대부분이 잠시 후에 다른 상태로 변환된다.
Maintenance 서비스는 활성화되었지만, 서비스를 실행할 수 없으며, 관리자에 의해 서비스와 관련된 설정을 수정하여야 한다.
Legacy_run SMF에 의해 관리되지는 않는 레거시 서비스를 사용하는 상태의 서비스, 보통 /etc/rc%.d 에서 실행된 스크립트

ㆍsvcadm 명령을 사용하여 서비스에 state를 변경할 수 있다.
[t5120:/]svcadm –option state { 특정 FMRI }

options 설명
-v 수행 상황을 화면으로 출력
-r enable 명령(state)에 대해서만 적용되고, 의존되는 서비스 모두를 enable 시킨다.
-s enable, disable 명령(state)에 대해 적용되고, 서비스의 enable/disable을 기다리지 않고 svcadm 명령이 종료됨
-t enable, disable, mark 명령(state)에 대해 적용되고,해당 서비스는 재시작 후에 enable, disable, mark 명령이 수행된다.
-d milestone 명령어에 대해 적용되고, 기본 마일 스톤으로 지정

state 설명
enable 해당 FMRI(서비스)의 인스턴스 state를 활성화
disable 해당 FMRI(서비스)의 인스턴스 state를 비활성화
restart 해당 FMRI(서비스) 인스턴스를 재기동
refresh 해당 FMRI(서비스)의 인스턴스 구성 정보를 재로딩
clear maintenance 상태인 서비스를 클리어를 줌으로서 enable 명령을 줄 수 있다.
mark debug(디버그)용도로 서비스의 상태를 변경할 수 있다.
milestone
시스템에 설정되어 있는 서비스를 특정 용도에 맞게 실행시킨다.
S레벨 : svc:/milestone/single-user:default
2레벨 : svc:/milestone/multi-user:default
3레벨 : svc:/milestone/multi-user-server:default

※ milestone 이란?
Milestone 이란 여러 서비스들을 묶은 특별한 서비스 타입을 의미한다. 솔라리스10 버전 이전에 런 레벨과 유사한 개념으로, 시스템은 특정 시스템 상태에 이르기 위해서는 실행하려는 서비스들의 정의가 필요하고 이러한 서비스들은 계층적 구조를 가짐으로서 실행된다.

ㆍsvccfg 명령 사용하여 SMF에 서비스를 등록, 수정, 삭제를 할 수 있다.
[t5120:/]svccfg { import(입력) | export(출력) | modify(수정) | delete(삭제) } 설정파일.xml

ㆍxml 파일로 SMF 등록하는 절차

순서 설명
1 해당 응용 프로그램의 xml 파일을 /var/svc/manifest/application 경로에 복사한다.
2 해당 응용 프로그램의 기동/종료 스크립트를 /lib/svc/method 경로에 복사한다.
3 # cd /var/svc/manifest/application ---> 해당 응용 프로그램 xml 파일 경로로 이동
4 # svccfg validate 응용_프로그램.xml ---> 응용 프로그램 xml 파일을 svccfg 명령을 통해 검증
5
# svccfg import 응용_프로그램.xml
---> 응용 프로그램 xml 파일을 svccfg 명령에 import 옵션으로 입력
6 # svcs –a | grep 응용_프로그램 ---> svcs 명령을 통해 정상적으로 SMF에 등록되었는지 확인
7 # svcadm enable svc:응용_프로그램 ---> svcadm 명령을 통해 state를 enable로 변경

ㆍinetadm 명령을 사용하여 network서비스들의 enabled와 property를 변경할 수 있다.
[t5120:/]inetadm –option { 특정 FMRI }

options 설명
-e 특정 FMRI에 enabled에 값을 enabled로 변경한다.
-d 특정 FMRI에 enabled 값을 disabled로 변경한다.
-l 특정 FMRI에 property 정보를 모두 출력한다.
-m 특정 FMRI에 property 정보를 수정한다.

Ex) # inetadm –m network/telnet:default tcp_wrappers=TRUE

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[Solaris] Solaris 10 patch number별 update version 알기!!

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안녕하세요!!

Solaris10 에서 Recommend patch 혹은 EIS patch 를 진행하게 되면,

# showrev 명령을 실행했을 때, Solaris patch number가 올라가게 되는데,

다음은 patch number에 따른 Solaris update version 을 알기위한 표 입니다.

Solaris 10 SPARC Kernel PatchIDs	Description	Solaris 10 x86 Kernel PatchIDs
150400-01 to 150400-xx	Kernel Bug Fixes from July 2013	150401-01 to 150401-xx
148888-01 to 148888-05	Kernel Bug Fixes post Solaris 10 1/13 (Update 11) to June 2013	148889-01 to 148889-05
147147-26 only	Solaris 10 1/13 (Update 11) Kernel PatchID	147148-26 only
147440-01 to 147440-27	Kernel Bug Fixes post Solaris 10 8/11 (Update 10)	147441-01 to 147441-27
144500-19 only	Solaris 10 8/11 (Update 10) Kernel PatchID	144501-19 only
144488-01 to 144488-17	Kernel Bug Fixes post Solaris 10 9/10 (Update 9)	144489-01 to 144489-17
142909-17 only	Solaris 10 9/10 (Update 9) Kernel PatchID	142910-17 only
142900-01 to 142900-15	Kernel Bug Fixes post Solaris 10 10/09 (Update 8)	142901-01 to 142901-15
141444-09 only	Solaris 10 10/09 (Update 8) Kernel PatchID	141445-09 only
141414-01 to 141414-10	Kernel Bug Fixes post Solaris 10 5/09 (Update 7)	141415-01 to 141415-10
139555-08 only	Solaris 10 5/09 (Update 7) Kernel PatchID	139556-08 only
138888-01 to 138888-08	Kernel Bug Fixes post Solaris 10 10/08 (Update 6)	138889-01 to 138889-08
137137-09 only	Solaris 10 10/08 (Update 6) Kernel PatchID	137138-09 only
137111-01 to 137111-08	Kernel Bug Fixes post Solaris 10 5/08 (Update 5)	137112-01 to 137112-08
127127-11 only	Solaris 10 5/08 (Update 5) Kernel PatchID	127128-11 only
127111-01 to 127111-11	Kernel Bug Fixes post Solaris 10 8/07 (Update 4)	127112-01 to 127112-11
120011-14 only	Solaris 10 8/07 (Update 4) Kernel PatchID	120012-14 only
125100-04 to 125100-10	Kernel Bug Fixes post Solaris 10 11/06 (Update 3)	125101-01 to 125101-10
118833-02 to 118833-36	118833-33 (SPARC) / 118855-33 (x86) is the Kernel patch included in Solaris 10 11/06 (Update 3) but these patches were not releasable as "standalone" patches to SunSolve. 118833-17 (SPARC) / 118855-14 (x86) is the Kernel patch included in Solaris 10 6/06 (Update 2). 118855-14 was not releasable as a "standalone" patch to SunSolve.	118855-01 to 118855-36
118822-01 to 118822-30	118822-25 (SPARC) / 118844-26 (x86) is the Kernel patch included in Solaris 10 1/06 (Update 1). 118844-26 was not releasable as a "standalone" patch to SunSolve.	118844-01 to 118844-30

2. 업데이트 버전 별 /etc/release 파일 내용

A. Update 03

# cat /etc/release

Solaris 10 11/06 s10s_u3wos_10 SPARC

Use is subject to license terms.

Assembled 14 November 2006

B. Update 08

[t5220:/]cat /etc/release
                      Solaris 10 10/09 s10s_u8wos_08a SPARC
           Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
                        Use is subject to license terms.
                           Assembled 16 September 2009

C. Update 09

[t5220:/] cat /etc/release
                   Oracle Solaris 10 9/10 s10s_u9wos_14a SPARC
     Copyright (c) 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
                            Assembled 11 August 2010

D. Update 10

E. Update 11

4. 업데이트 시기
Solaris 10 1/06 - U1
Solaris 10 6/06 - U2
Solaris 10 11/06 - U3
Solaris 10 8/07 - U4
Solaris 10 5/08 - U5
Solaris 10 10/08 - U6
Solaris 10 5/09 - U7
Solaris 10 10/09 - U8
Solaris 10 9/10 - U9
Solaris 10 8/11 – U10
Solaris 10 1/13 – U11

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